Determining induction conditions for expression of Truncated Diphtheria Toxin and Pseudomonas Exotoxin a in E. coli BL21

Background: Targeted cancer therapies have played a great role in the treatment of malignant tumors, in the recent years. Among these therapies, targeted toxin therapies such as immunotoxins, has improved the patient's survival rate by minimizing the adverse effect on normal tissues, whereas delivering a high dose of tumoricidal agent for eradicating the cancer tissue. Immunological proteins such as antibodies are conjugated to plant toxins or bacterial toxins such as Diphtheria toxin [DT] and Pseudomonas exotoxin A [PE] . In this case optimizing and expressing Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A which their binding domains are eliminated play a crucial role in producing the desired immunotoxins

Materials and Methods: We expressed the truncated DT and PE toxin in a genetically modified E.coli strain BL21 [DE3]. For this reason we eliminated the binding domain sequences of these toxins and expressed these proteins in an expression vector pET28a with the kanamycin resistant gene for selection. The optimization of Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A expression was due to different IPTG concentration, induction and sonication time

Results: We observed that the optimal protein expression of the Diphtheria toxin was gained in 4 hours of 0.4 mM IPTG concentration at 25celsius on the other hand the optimization of Pseudomonas exotoxin A protein occurred in 4 hours of 0.5 mM IPTG concentration at 25 celsius

Conclusion: Our study also showed lower IPTG concentrations could result in higher protein expression. By optimizing this procedure, we facilitate the protein production which could lead to acceleration of the drug development

relationship between socialization and organizational commitment among staff of both Volunteers and Youth Organizations in Red Crescent society of Iran

Organizational socialization considers as an important factor for new employees to adapt themselves to the organization. The major problems of the executive organizations are lack of sense of belonging to the organization and lack of sufficient accuracy on tasks. This paper aims to examine and promote the relationship between socialization and organizational commitment in both employees of Volunteers Organization and Youth Organization of Red Crescent society. In this study, a total of 134 employees [from 225 people] employed in Volunteers Organization and Youth Organization were selected and studied by random stratified sampling according to Morgan. The data for this study was collected by Jones organizational socialization questionnaire and organizational commitment questionnaire developed by Alien and Meyer. Reliability of organizational socialization questionnaire was 0/69 through Cronbach's alpha and then was obtained 0/82 by deleting some items. Cronbach's alpha was 0/78 for organizational commitment questionnaire. Three experts were used in order to investigate the validity of the questionnaire using sample t-test. The relationship between variables was assessed by Pearson correlation and linear regression. The results of the study indicated that there was not any relationship between socialization and organizational commitment. There was a significant positive relation between continuous commitment and socialization with a correlation coefficient of 0/209 [Sig=0/016]. Coefficient of determination was also equal to 0/156; indicated that the independent variable of socialization explain 15/6% of changes in the dependent variables of the continued commitment. According to the results, there was no relationship between socialization and organizational commitment. There was a weak relationship between socialization and continuous commitment. In addition, there was no relationship between socialization and affective commitment

[Quality evaluation of departments at Iran Helal Institute of Applied-Science and technology: application of system model]

The quality evaluation of applied-science institutes is necessary due to the importance of continuous quality improvement. By using system model, current study has evaluated the inputs, processes and outputs of four departments at Iran Helal Institute of Applied-Science and Technology. In this mixed method study, 20 participants were interviewed in the qualitative phase. After content analysis of interviews and also using national and international experiences, 13 factors, 52 criteria, 280 indicators / judgment criteria were compiled in 3 sections including inputs, processes and outputs. On the basis of the results of qualitative phase, the questionnaires and checklist were prepared and completed by 341 participants including heads of departments, faculty members, students, alumni, and employers in the quantitative phase. According to the results, inputs and outputs of departments were evaluated at "fairly-desirable" level. Also the quality of process factor [teaching] was evaluated at "desirable" level. The results indicated that the evaluated departments have gap between their current situation and desirable situation especially in case of inputs and outputs. The list of evaluated factors, criteria, and indicators is a great document for Iran Helal institute of Applied-Science and Technology. Undesirable and fairly desirable level of some factors, criteria, and indicators in this document are spotlights for quality improvement and planning in this institute

[Compiling factors, criteria, indicators and judgment criteria for quality evaluation of departments of Iran Helal Institute of Applied-Science and Technology]

Quality evaluation is essential in higher education but it is more important in Applied-Science and Technology institutes especially for Iran Helal institute. The current study aims to compile factors, criteria, indicators and judgment criteria as requirements of quality evaluation for educational groups in Iran Helal Institute of Applied-Science and Technology. In current qualitative study, a sample including 20 participants was selected and interviewed by using purposeful and snow-ball sampling. Delphi method was applied in order to determine factors, criteria, indicators and judgment criteria. After content analysis of interviews with regard to the existing experience and final approval of academic members of Iran Helal Institute, the results were as follows: in input section; 8 factors, 39 criteria and 221 indicators/ judgment criteria were compiled. In process section, 1 factor, 3 criteria and 19 indicators/ judgment criteria and in output section, 3 factors, 10 criteria and 40 indicators/ judgment criteria were compiled. According to the results, compiled factors, criteria, indicators and judgment criteria can be used as basic requirements of quality evaluation for all departments at Iran Helal Institute of Applied-Science and Technology