ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral training and reality therapy [based on choice theory] on self-esteem of students. The present study is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post test analysis and control group. The statistical population includes all female students of high schools in Mashhad [educational year 2009-2010]. Participants were chosen by random selection method and randomly allocated in three groups. Two groups received cognitive-behavioral and reality therapy training for 2 months [8 sessions of 2 hours], while the control group received no training at all. Data were collected by Cooper Smith self-esteem questionnaire scale which was given to the test subjects after completion of the trainings. The collected data was put to one way variance analysis, covariance analysis and Scheffe's test. The study demonstrated that group reality therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy training had positive effects on the self-esteem improvement in both groups who received interventions [P<0.00001, F=16.06] in comparison to the control group. Actually, both methods were effective in boosting self-esteem. Both cognitive behavioral and reality therapy methods were found effective in increasing self-esteem
ABSTRACT
Some reports declare that Ramadan fasting has positive effects on mental health. This study was carried out to clarify Ramadan fasting effects on self-esteem and mental health of students. This descriptive-comparative study was accomplished on 60 apparently healthy medical students of School of Medicine of Azad University, Mashhad Branch [38 female and 22 male] who had decided to have fasting in Ramadan in 2007. The samples fulfilled the demographic and Cooper-Smith self-esteem and Symptom Checklist -90 -Revised [SCL-90-R] questionnaires at the beginning of Ramadan month and after at least 21 days of fasting. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon and paired t test in SPSS version 17. In comparison with the beginning of Ramadan, students' self-esteem increased after 21 days of fasting [P=0.001]. Also some dimensions of SCL-90-R significantly diminished: depression [P=0.001], psychoticism [P=0.007], anxiety [P=0.001], obsession [P=0.001], interpersonal sensitivity [P=0.001], phobia [P=0.022], hostility [P=0.001], paranoid ideation [P=0.001] and global severity index [P=0.001]. Ramadan fasting improves self-esteem and mental health of students
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Self Concept , Mental Health , Islam , Students, Medical/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Anal fissure is one of the commonest anorectal diseases which may cause trouble in its acute phase. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship of anxiety [state and trait] with anal fissure. It is a prospective case-control study which was conducted on 83 patients with anal fissure which, diagnosed by a general surgeon, and 83 normal demographically matched controls during 2007-2008 in Mashhad, Iran. Participants filled out Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI] as well as researcher-made demographic questionnaires under the supervision of researchers. The collected data were analyzed employing logistic regression, chi-square, and exact fisher tests. Participants in each experimental and control groups consisted of 19 males and 64 females. The two groups were homogeneous on sex, age, educational level, and marital status in males. Logistic regression test showed a significant difference in trait anxiety between two groups in each sex [females P=0.0085, males P=0.0206]. Such difference was not observed between the two groups in state anxiety. Exact fisher and chi-square tests revealed a significant difference between females with higher levels of anxiety in two groups [state P=0.015, trait P=0.010]. The findings of this study showed a significant relationship between trait anxiety and anal fissure in both sexes. This relation was not observed for state anxiety. Also, the results revealed a relation between rate of anxiety and anal fissure in females