Evaluation of thyroid autoantibodies in type 2 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease are the two common endocrinopathies seen in adult population. Studies to evaluate thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in type 2 diabetic patients with age and sex matched non-diabetic control group. Among patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center, 2792 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. Clinical examination were carried out and samples for thyroid function test were obtained including thyroxin [T4], triiodothyronine [T3], Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH], T3 Resin Uptake [T3RU], thyroid peroxidase antibodies [TPO-Ab] and thyroglobulin antibodies [TG-Ab]. They were compared with 4844 non-diabetic, age and sex matched control subjects. Our findings showed that the levels of thyroid hormone were not significantly different from levels in non-diabetic controls [P<0.05]. Positive TPO antibody was found in 1032 type 2 diabetic patients [36.9%] versus 1802 [37.2%] in control group [P=0.8]. Positive both thyroid antibodies, TPO antibody and TG antibody were found in 314 diabetic patients; [11.2%] versus 516 [10.8%] in controls [P=0.54]. Our findings indicate that the frequency of thyroid autoimmunity is not significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetic control group

Effect of vitamin E on blood glucose, lipid profile and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients

Type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated oxidative stress and decline in antioxidant defense. Vitamin E supplementation reduces oxidative stress level in diabetic patients. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. In this study 31 type 2 diabetic patients with Fasting blood Sugar [FBS]:140-200 mg/dl, Triglyceride [TG]: 200-400 mg/dl, Cholesterol [TC]: 200-300 mg/dl and mild hypertension were selected. Subjects received vitamin E 800 IU/day for 3 months. At the baseline and end of the study FBS, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, Glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin level were measured. In this study 31 type 2 diabetic patients [19 female, 12 male] with mean age 53.03 +/- 8.87 years were studied. Vitamin E supplementation for 3 months had no positive effect on type 2 diabetic patients. As FBS, TG and fasting insulin decreased but this decline was not significant. Also total Cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes were not remarkable. Results of this study showed that 800 IU vitamin E administration for 3 months could not improve blood glucose, lipids, HbA1c, fasting insulin, systolic and diastolic BP in type 2 diabetic patients

Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [GDM] is the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy, and causes fetal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, early diagnosis of GDM is necessary to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and to help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes This prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence of GDM in Yazd and to assess the effect of various contributing factors. One thousand and seventy one pregnant women were screened for GDM at 24-28 weeks. Initial screening was done by a glucose challenge test with 50 g glucose. If the 1-hour blood glucose level exceeded 130 mg/dl, then a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] with 100g glucose was performed and diagnosis was established according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Three hundred and forty two [31.9%] women had an abnormal screening test and proceeded to oral glucose tolerance testing. The overall incidence of GDM was 10.2% [n=110]. Seventy six of subjects [7.1%] have one abnormal OGTT. There was a significant association between incidence of GDM and age, familial history of diabetes, BMI before pregnancy, parity, history of GDM, macrosomic baby, still birth during previous pregnancies and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. According to high incidence of GDM in our area we recommend screening for GDM in all pregnant women and modification of contributing factors in high risk women

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema in retinal vein occlusion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To compare the efficacy of intravitreal triamcino-lone acetonide and conventional treatment for macular edema in retinal vein occlusion.METHODS:In this clinical study 21 patients were enrolled with macular edema due to retinal vein occlu-sion. Prior to treatment, all patients underwent an exten-sive ophthalmic examination. Patients were divided randomly into two groups. Nine patients were treated with 4mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog) and 12 patients underwent conventional treatment.RESULTS: Before treatment, logMAR (logarithm minimum angle resolution) visual acuity in conventional treatment was 1.20±0.38 and in Kenalog group it was 1.64±0.31. One month after treatment, the visual acuity was improved to 0.98±0.54 in conventional treatment group and 0.87±0.61 in Kenalog group. There was a significant difference in visual acuity improvement between conventional treatment group and Kenalog group (0.22 vs 0.76) (P=0.01).CONCLUSION:Our results showed that although visual acuity improvement was seen in both groups but Kenalog was more effective than conventional treatment in macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion.