Correlation of random urinary protein to creatinine ratio in 24-hour urine samples of pregnant women with preeclampsia

To determine the value of random urinary protein to creatinine ratio [UPCR] for diagnosis of proteinuria in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is the most common complication of pregnancy and one of the main causes of maternal mortality. So, early diagnosis of preeclampsia is very important. In this cross-sectional study 66 pregnant women suspected preeclampsia at >/= 24 week of gestational age and BP >/= 140/90 mm/Hg were checked by two urine samples of 10 am and 4 pm to determine random UPCR, as well as a 24-hour urine sample to evaluate 24-hour protein excretion. The result revealed that 74.2% of the studied population had significant proteinuria. There was a correlation between UPCR and 24-hour urine protein excretion. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.502 at 10 am and 0.428 at 4 pm. The best cutoff for the random urine protein to creatinine ratio at 10 am was 0.470 with sensitivity and specificity equal to 87.5% and 84.2%, respectively. The best cutoff for the random UPCR at 4 pm was 0.595 with sensitivity and specificity equal to 91.7% and 94.7%, respectively. Result of 24-hour urine collection showing random UPCR is considered as an appropriate situated method for emergency time

Cervicovaginal infections during third trimester of pregnancy

This study was conducted in order to assess the prevalence of different cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy. Totally 110 healthy pregnant women with complaints of vaginal symptoms in their third trimester of pregnancy were checked for vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal trichomoniasis, streptococcus beta hemoliticus, gonorrhea, syphilis, and infection by chlamydia trachomatis and HIV. Among 110 studied women and mostly nullipara, the mean age was 25.2 years. All of them had at least one symptom including discharge, itching or burning of vagina. Among them 39[35.5%] had vaginal and endocervical infection identified by laboratory tests including candidiasis 26.4%, bacterial vaginosis 8% and streptococcus beta hemoliticus 5.3%. Gonorrhea and trichomoniasis were not seen. Three of the patients had positive IgG antibody for chlamydia trachomatis. None of them had serological positive test for syphilis and HIV. Symptomatic pregnant women need to be actively searched for infections. Besides speculum examination as an easy to carry out clinical test and if needed laboratory exams must be used to choose the best treatment

[Rate of consent validity in patients from teaching hospitals in Sari]

Quality of data in patient record is not a new issue. Data quality requires many details, which in this article we analyzed for validity of consent. This is a patients right and hospitals must pay attention to it, prior to providing their services. This is a descriptive chart review research. Variables are age, sex, type of admission, degree of-understanding, general condition at time of admission, and the person who signed the consent for chart, using medical information, validity of consent and education of admission clerk. This was a pilot study within each hospital, according to the number of clerks, thus, 30 records were reviewed. Validity of consent confirmed with comparison of consents with the standards. Data was analyzed with SPSS software, X2 statistics were used for determining the relation between variables and P<0/05 was significant. Results showed that of the 540 records which were reviewed, 266 [49/4%] of the patients were males and remaining were females. Range of age was from 1 day to 89 years of age. Type of admission for 258 [47/8%] was emergency and the others were admitted electively. Degree of conscious for 477[88/5%] were awake and 442[82%] were in good general condition. The 403 [74/6%] consent for care were not valid and 125[23/1%] of the consent for using data of medical records in research was also not valid. The results of this research indicated that most consent is not reliable. Every effort must be made to ensure the development of consent validity

Analysis of 274 patients with extremity injuries caused by the Bam earthquake / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The extremity injury pattern after a major earthquake is not well understood because data on this type of injury and management are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the data of trauma patients with extremity injury in the earthquake of Bam Iran, registering 6.6 on the Richter scale.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reviewed medical records of 486 patients admitted to hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Among them, 274 patients sustained extremity injuries. This group was composed of 138 females (50.4%) and 136 males (49.6%) and 213 cases (77.7%) were under 40 years of age.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fracture was the major type of injury (58.4% of extremity injuries). The most common sites of injury were lower extremities (185 patients, 67.5% of all victims). Pelvic and rib fractures and abdominal injuries were the most frequently associated injuries. The mean ISS was 6.2+/-4.0, and 61% of the patients had ISS less than 7. Amputation and death occurred in 2.9% and 2.5% of cases, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Special attention should be given to dealing with orthopedic injuries in similar disasters in the future.</p>

[ brief review of yeast two-hybrid system]

Protein interactions are essential to all cellular processes, such as replication, transcription, splicing, translation and metabolism. The yeast two-hybrid system utilizes the reconstitution of an active transcription factor for assay for protein-protein interactions. The active transcription factors are formed as a dimmer between two fusion proteins, one of which contains a DNA-binding domain [DB] fused to the first protein of interest [DB-X Bait] and the other, an activation domain [AD] fused to the second protein of interest [AD-Y; Prey or Target protein]. DB-X: AD-Y interaction reconstitutes a functional factor that activates chromosomally integrated reporter genes driven by promoters containing the relevant DB binding sites. When a selectable marker gene such as HIS3 is used as a reporter gene, two-hybrid dependent transcription activation can be monitored by growth of yeast cells on plates lacking histidine, thereby providing a tool for detection of protein-protein interactions. Nowadays, yeast two-hybrid system is considered as a suitable approach for mapping of protein interactions in cells. This map may consist of many possible protein interactions that occur during the entire lifespan of a cell. In this review, we are going to describe this system, its efficiencies and its approaches for protein-protein interactions