Vitamin D supplementation for primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Objective@#Recent studies have shown a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on pain and systemic symptoms in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. @*Methods@#This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on female students aged 18 to 32 years with primary dysmenorrhea and vitamin D deficiency (25 [OH]D <30 ng/mL). The participants (n=116) received either 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or placebo capsules on a weekly basis for eight consecutive weeks. The outcomes were pain intensity (scored 0 to 10), number of days with pain, number of consumed pain-relief medications (per day), and severity of systemic symptoms (fatigue, headache, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea; total score of 0 to 12). @*Results@#Compared with baseline, our participants who received vitamin D experienced significant reductions in pain intensity (-1.0 and -1.5 score at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), the number of days with pain (-1.0 day at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), the number of consumed pain-relief medications (-1.0 at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), and systemic symptoms severity (-1.0 score at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001). No significant improvements were observed in the placebo group in terms of these outcomes. @*Conclusion@#Vitamin D supplementation in women with primary dysmenorrhea and vitamin D deficiency could improve systemic symptoms and reduce pain intensity, the number of days with pain, and the need for consuming pain-relief medications.

Vitamin D supplementation for primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Objective@#Recent studies have shown a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on pain and systemic symptoms in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. @*Methods@#This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on female students aged 18 to 32 years with primary dysmenorrhea and vitamin D deficiency (25 [OH]D <30 ng/mL). The participants (n=116) received either 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or placebo capsules on a weekly basis for eight consecutive weeks. The outcomes were pain intensity (scored 0 to 10), number of days with pain, number of consumed pain-relief medications (per day), and severity of systemic symptoms (fatigue, headache, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea; total score of 0 to 12). @*Results@#Compared with baseline, our participants who received vitamin D experienced significant reductions in pain intensity (-1.0 and -1.5 score at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), the number of days with pain (-1.0 day at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), the number of consumed pain-relief medications (-1.0 at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), and systemic symptoms severity (-1.0 score at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001). No significant improvements were observed in the placebo group in terms of these outcomes. @*Conclusion@#Vitamin D supplementation in women with primary dysmenorrhea and vitamin D deficiency could improve systemic symptoms and reduce pain intensity, the number of days with pain, and the need for consuming pain-relief medications.

Is there an association between platelet and blood inflammatory indices and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus?

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent medical complication in pregnancy. Early diagnosis of GDM can influence maternal/neonatal outcomes. To assess the association between platelet and blood inflammatory indices and the risk of GDM occurrence using the complete blood count (CBC) test. We also aimed to determine the sensitivity of each parameter for an early screening of this disorder during pregnancy.METHODS: This case-control study included 2 groups of 110 pregnant women with and without GDM. The women in each group were compared after the routine screening for GDM and after the CBC test at 24–28 weeks' gestation after being matched according to the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Medcalc version 14.8.1 software.RESULTS: There were statistically significant intergroup differences in white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), MPV to platelet ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and Rh values. The values of lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and blood group were not significantly different between groups. The logistic regression analysis showed the predictive values of WBC, platelet, MPV, and PCT in GDM. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve for all 3 variables, the level below the PCT chart was more than that of the others.CONCLUSION: Increasing platelet and inflammatory indices on the CBC test in the second trimester of pregnancy seemed to be associated with the probability of GDM occurrence.

prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in patients who remained symptomatic after completion of sexually transmitted infection treatment

Sexually transmitted infections [STIs] are among the most common causes of illness in the world and have far-reaching health, economic and social consequences for many countries. Failure to diagnose and treat STIs at an early stage may result in serious complications and sequels. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients who remain symptomatic after completion of their first episode of treatment for STI. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 49 patients suffering from symptoms or signs of sexually transmitted infections despite their first complete anti STI treatment. Conducting physical exam and smear preparation from vaginal discharge, diagnosis was confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method on every patient's first-voided urine sample. Among the etiologic factors investigated in this study, Chlamydia was reported in 17 patients. Trichomoniasis, Candidiasis, Gonorrhea and nonspecific germs were next organisms with 11, 9, 6 and 6 patients, respectively. Sixteen specimens were PCR positive [32.65%], while 33 patients had negative PCR results [67.34%] for Chlamydia trachomatis. Gonorrheal infection was the most prevalent infection in patients with completed treatment [6/10], which must be remembered in patients follow ups, because this prevalence warrants empirical therapy for Gonorrheain similar clinical conditions. Chlamydia trachomatis was the responsible organism in approximately a quarter of patients [17/75] who despite their full compliance on anti-Chlamydial treatment still suffered from signs and symptoms of STI. This rate also recommends empirical therapy for Chlamydia trachomatis in the similar clinical signs and symptoms

[ comparison effect of cyclofem and depo - provera on menstrual bleeding patterns in women of referred to health centers depends on the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2009-2010]

The most common reason for discontinuing use of Depo-Provera contraceptive is due to their association with menstrual disorders. The injectable hormonal contraceptive Cyclofem has been marketed worldwide to reduce menstrual disorders such as spotting and amenorrhea. How extent of these methods can be effective in reducing these disorders is unclear. This study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of Cyclofem and Depo-provera on menstrual bleeding patterns. In this clinical trial, 64 women [30 Person in Cyclofem users group and 34 Person in Depo-Provera users group] with normal menstrual blood flow participated, Candidate were placed in two groups randomly. The first injection of Depo-Provera and Cyclofem was administered within the first 5 days of menstrual cycle. Bleeding events of women were recorded in the menstrual diary card during these three months and then collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. At the end of 3 months, 76.7% of the group who received Cyclofem and 55.9% Depo-Provera users had normal menstrual cycles. Irregular bleeding was the most common presenting abnormal pattern for both groups [20-26%]. Average of bleeding and spotting days was 21 +/- 2.5 in Cyclofem and 22 +/- 1.9 in Depo-Provera. However, there was no significant difference between groups. This study have been prove that in the first three months of use of Cyclofem and Depo-Provera, there were no significant difference in bleeding patterns menstrual

Clinicopathological features of primary central nervous system lymphoma

To investigate the anatomic location, immunologic, and clinicopathological features of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma [PCNSL]. From May 1993 to December 2004, at Shohada Hospital, Tehran, Iran, the clinical data of 110 PCNSL patients, including the age, sex, duration of symptoms, radiological findings, site of tumors, immune status, and history of immunocompromised state [such as organ transplantation, radiotherapy, steroid therapy or AIDS] were assessed. The mean age of the patients with PCNSL was 47.02 +/- 15.8 years. There were 42 female and 68 male patients. One hundred and six cases [96.3%] were diagnosed as B-cell lymphoma. Most of the PCNSL in our study are unifocal. More than 70% of tumors were in a cerebral hemisphere and periventricular location, usually involving the corpus callosum or basal ganglia. No patients had been in immunocompromised states. Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure or changes in personality, vision, or motor function are most common. Seizures are seen in approximately 10% of patients. The number of PCNSL cases showed a gradual rise in incidence. The results of this single hospital 12-year survey of PCNSL are in agreement with data from other single institutions and regional surveys concerning clinical features. However, in contrast with the literature, most of our patients were immunocompetent. The age at diagnosis is also lower than in most reports

Bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infection

Due to prevalence ofurogenital infection and lack of knowledge about the relationship between bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infection in this country, this study was conducted in patients referred to Shohada Hospital during the years 2001-2002. This case control study was carried out on 134 candidates. Patients were labeled as having urinary tract infection when urinary culture was positive. Normal individuals with either negative culture, matched with our cases, have compromised the control group. Matching was designed for age, frequency of coitus, marriage years, and contraception. Bacterial vaginosis based on standard Amsel criteria was determined in both groups. The results were analyzed using t-test and x-test. The odds ratio and confidence intervals were calculated. 67 patients with urinary tract infection were compared with 67 normal individuals. Bacterial vaginosis was reported 40.3% and 62.7% in the control and; case group [p< 0.01, OR = 2.49]. Characteristic discharge, PH over 4.5 was reported in 91%, positive whiff in 74%, clue cell in 72% of patients with bacterial vaginosis, Individuals with urinary tract infection encountered bacterial vaginosis more than control group. Experimental studies seem to be useful to evaluate effectiveness of vaginitis treatment in prophylaxis of urinary tract infection and also Further attention to pregnant woman