ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Quaternary ammonium compounds can be used for growth control of fungi in hospitals and algae in swimming pools. The aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal and antialgal effect of new quaternary ammonium compounds
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, eight tetravalent ammonium salts with different positions in R1 and R2 were synthesized. These compounds were synthesized from 4,4 - Amino methyl biphenyls compounds and were different from each other in biphenyls and amine groups. To determine their effects on molds, they were cultured in potato-dextrose-agar [PDA] medium containing nistatin on the basis of Medallion method. The diameter of inhibitory growth zones for mold in the test cultures were compared with those of the control cultures. The effect of the new compounds on algae strains Clorella vulgaris 157 was evaluated by using glucose solid medium exposed to suitable light at room temperature for 5-3 days. Zones of inhibition were detected
Results: Antifungal effect of compound 149 on the molds was 100%, similar to the effect of Nistatin. This effect was from 68% to 100% for compounds 188 and 178 respectively and lasted for a long time in the culture medium, even after 3 to 7 days no growth was observed. By increasing the concentration of the compounds, compound No. 188 showed a higher inhibitory growth rate for algae in comparison to compounds No. 149 and NO. 178. Three times increase in the concentrations of the compounds resulted in 2.1, 1.45 and 1.38 times increase in the diameters of the zones of inhibition for the compounds No. 188, No. 149 and NO.178 respectively
Conclusion: Compounds used in this study had similar inhibitory effects on eukaryotic cells and their antifungal and anti-algae effects were similar. Increase in antifungal effects led to increased anti algae effect. Use of these compounds is recommended in the industry
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyse molecular detection of coliforms and shorten the time of PCR. Methods:Rapid detection of coliforms by amplification of lacZ and uidA genes in a multiplex PCR reaction was designed and performed in comparison with most probably number (MPN) method for 16 artificial and 101 field samples. The molecular method was also conducted on isolated coliforms from positive MPN samples; standard sample for verification of microbial method certificated reference material; isolated strains from certificated reference material and standard bacteria. The PCR and electrophoresis parameters were changed for reducing the operation time. Results:Results of PCR for lacZ and uidA genes were similar in all of standard, operational and artificial samples and showed the 876 bp and 147 bp bands of lacZ and uidA genes by multiplex PCR. PCR results were confirmed by MPN culture method by sensitivity 86%(95%CI:0.71-0.93). Also the total execution time, with a successful change of factors, was reduced to less than two and a half hour. Conclusions:Multiplex PCR method with shortened operation time was used for the simultaneous detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in distribution system of Arak city. It’s recommended to be used at least as an initial screening test, and then the positive samples could be randomly tested by MPN.