Current Situation of Children with Severe Physical and Mental Disabilities in the Rural Saku Region of Nagano Prefecture / 日本農村医学会雑誌

　Recent advances in pediatric medicine have led to increasing numbers of severely disabled children who require medical care at home. Severely disabled children were defined as those who have or are at increased risk of having a chronic physical and developmental condition. On April 1, 2015, we conducted a survey of these children aged 18 years or younger living in the Saku region of Nagano Prefecture. Forty severely disabled children were identified in the Saku region, accounting for 0.02% of the population. Thirty children were being cared for at home and 10 had been institutionalized. The underlying illness or disorder occurred in the perinatal period in 21 children (52.5%). We further investigated the medical care and social support of those severely disabled children living at home. There were 8 children with an extremely severe disability and 7 with a moderately severe disability. Fifteen children did not fall into either category. One patient regularly received medical examination and care via visiting serv­ices and the remaining patients received outpatient care. Visiting nurses provided support and care for 10 children (33%), especially those who needed medical care, such as for tracheostomy and gastrostomy. Thirteen children (43.3%) used a short-stay service, and 19 children (63%) used outpatient support (after-school daycare service/day care service for holidays). Short-stay facilities and child day care services are lacking. The custody support system needs to be enhanced in this region for children and their family members to lead healthy lives.

Clinical Featues and Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura / 日本農村医学会雑誌

  We demonstrated the clinical features and outcome of 87 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpure (ITP). Most of them were younger children with severe thrombocytopenia; 71.3% were under 5 years old and 49.4% had platelet counts below 1×10⁴/μl. Initial treatment consisted of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in 60 (69.0%), steroid in 10 (11.5%), and no therapy in 17 (19.5%). More than 90% of the children with platelet counts below 2×10⁴/μl received treatment, but most children with platelet counts above 2×10⁴/μl were observed without treatment. No patients had complications with CNS hemorrhage. Chronic ITP was noted in 17 patients (19.5%). Their mean age was 6 years 3 months compared with 2 years 8 months for the acute patients (p<0.01). But there were no significant differences in sex, platelet count, and initial treatment between chronic ITP and acute ITP. Six (35.3%) out of 17 children with chronic ITP subsequently achieved a spontaneous recovery. As of today, only 3 patients (3% of all patients, and 17.6% of patients with chronic ITP) have platelet counts below 5×10⁴/μl. The overall prognosis and quality of life were excollent. <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection was found in 7.1% of the chronic patients and 5.3% of the acute patients, but platelet counts of them returned to normal without <i>H. pylori</i> eradication thrapy. It seemed that <i>H. pylodi</i> infection played a minor role in pediatric ITP.

Clinical Featues and Role of \it{Helicobacter pylori} Infection in Children with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura / 日本農村医学会雑誌

We demonstrated the clinical features and outcome of 87 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpure (ITP). Most of them were younger children with severe thrombocytopenia; 71.3% were under 5 years old and 49.4% had platelet counts below 1×104/μl. Initial treatment consisted of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in 60 (69.0%), steroid in 10 (11.5%), and no therapy in 17 (19.5%). More than 90% of the children with platelet counts below 2×104/μl received treatment, but most children with platelet counts above 2×104/μl were observed without treatment. No patients had complications with CNS hemorrhage. Chronic ITP was noted in 17 patients (19.5%). Their mean age was 6 years 3 months compared with 2 years 8 months for the acute patients (p<0.01). But there were no significant differences in sex, platelet count, and initial treatment between chronic ITP and acute ITP. Six (35.3%) out of 17 children with chronic ITP subsequently achieved a spontaneous recovery. As of today, only 3 patients (3% of all patients, and 17.6% of patients with chronic ITP) have platelet counts below 5×104/μl. The overall prognosis and quality of life were excollent. Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection was found in 7.1% of the chronic patients and 5.3% of the acute patients, but platelet counts of them returned to normal without H. pylori eradication thrapy. It seemed that H. pylodi infection played a minor role in pediatric ITP.