ABSTRACT
Purpose: To establish the normative data of the head and face measurements needed to design an appropriate spectacle frame for the Indian population. Methods: Indian subjects between 20 and 40 years were included in the study. Thirteen parameters were measured using the direct and indirect methods using ImageJ software. Photographs of subjects were captured in the primary gaze position, with the head turned toward the subject’s right and left by 90° from the primary gaze. Results: The mean ± standard deviation of age was 27.6 ± 5.7; 55.38% were males. An independent t?test showed a significant difference in nose width (P = 0.001), inter?pupillary distance (P = 0.032), and body mass index (P = .012) between males and females. Inner inter?canthi distance (P = .265), outer inter?canthi distance (P = .509), and frontal angles (P = .536) showed no significant difference. There is a significant difference in face width compared with the other studies. The mean head width of males (154.168 ± 9.121) was wider than that of females (145.431 ± 8.923). This suggests a smaller distance between the temples of a spectacle frame for females. Conclusion: Considering the above factors, there is a need for a customized spectacle frame design providing better optics, improved cosmesis, and comfort to the wearer
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Manufacturing a spectacle frame for a facially deformed individual is challenging because of facial asymmetry. One of the solutions is the customization of spectacle frames. Customization of spectacle frames for facially deformed individuals requires a better understanding of the facial anthropometry of deformed faces. This study aimed to analyze the facial anthropometry of deformed faces to understand the range of variability. The results of this study will be used to find customization methods in the future. Methods: We measured and analyzed the 12 facial parameters of individuals with facial deformities using the ImageJ software. Results: The data collected were normally distributed. Paired sample test revealed a statistically significant difference between innercanthus distances (right innercanthus distance [RICD] and left innercanthus distance [LICD]). Correlation analysis showed a positive difference between horizontal and vertical pupillary distance?innercanthus distance (PD?ICD) (0.68, 0.75, and 0.81) and pupillary distance?helix distance (PD?HD) (0.57, 0.68, and 0.59) relations. PD?ICD correlations are stronger compared to the PD?HD relation. Conclusion: Altering the frame center distance and the temple heights are the most important for asymmetric faces. Large population?based data are required to make concrete decisions to design a spectacle frame for asymmetric faces.