Population-attributable fraction of hypertension associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and the joint effect of both in the central provinces of Iran

The prevalence of obesity has been increasing in Iran over the past decade. This study aimed to determine the population-attributable fraction [PAF] of hypertension associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and the joint effect of both in the central provinces of Iran. Prevalence of hypertension was extracted from the Iranian Ministry of Health Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor InfoBase 2009. Measure of association between obesity and hypertension was extracted from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, for males and females, in order to calculate the PAF of hypertension associated with obesity. Age standardization of the reported prevalence of obesity was done using the World Health Organization method. The PAF of hypertension associated with the joint effect of obesity and abdominal obesity in females was highest in Semnan Province: 22.7 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.2-35.6], followed by Qom 21.09 [95% CI: 3.7-33.1], and Yazd 20.3 [95% CI: 3.5-32.1]. In males, the highest PAF was observed in Qom Province 31.07 [95% CI: 16.7-41.1], followed by Semnan 29.6 [95% CI: 15.9-39.3], Qazvin 25.9 [95% CI: 13.7-34.5], Tehran 24.2 [95% CI: 12.7-32.3], and Isfahan 20.4 [95% CI: 3.5-27.4]. Prevalence of hypertension is higher in more developed provinces. PAFs suggest that a sizable share of hypertension in these provinces is associated with obesity. It is recommended that health promotion programs focus on obesity in the provinces with a higher share of hypertension due to obesity

[ comparison of the relationship between the serum level of vitamin D and coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes]

Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death and disability in patients with type 2 diabetes. According to some studies, Vitamin D deficiency is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the serum level of Vitamin D between diabetic patients with coronary artery diseases and control group. In this case-control study, patients with diabetes referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Qom for coronary angiography, were divided into two groups of positive angiography [case group] and negative angiography [control group]. In this study, stenosis of the lumen of at least one coronary artery more than 50% was considered as positive angiography and suffering from coronary artery disease, and stenosis lower than 50% was considered as negative angiography. Personal characteristics, biographical information, consisting of age, gender, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, history of coronary artery disease, and family history were recorded using a questionnaire. Venous blood samples of the patients were taken to measure the serum level of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D, and the two groups were compared in terms of Vitamin D level. The mean serum level of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D was 35.09 +/- 26.41ng/ml. Also, there was no significant difference between case and control groups. The level was 35.67 +/- 29.58ng/ml in the case group and 34.50 +/- 23.30ng/ml in control group. The level of Vitamin D in patients with cardiac disease had no significant difference. The results of this study indicated that there was no relationship between serum level of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D in type 2 diabetic patients and stenosis of coronary arteries

Relationship between latent aggression, inflated responsibility, guilt feeling and reaction formation with severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms

This research aims to study previous findings about interpersonal ambivalence in people with obsessive compulsive disorders that shows itself as hidden aggression, excessive responsibility, feelings of guilt, and reverse reaction formations. In this correlational study, 60 individuals [33 women and 27 men] with obsessive-compulsive disorders who were referred to psychologists' offices and clinics of the city of Shiraz were selected through available sampling. Participants completed the Padua Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Inventory, the Responsibility Attitude Scale, the Guilt Inventory, and the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. SPSS-16 software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient was significant between excessive responsibility, hidden aggression, feelings of guilt, and reverse reaction formations with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Based on the results of the regression analysis, feelings of guilt were the strongest predictor of obsessivecompulsive symptoms [beta=0.388]. Also, the results of path analysis suggest that hidden aggression had predicted feelings of guilt [beta=0.47], which was also a predictor of excessive responsibility [beta=0.30]. According to the results, it seems that a high interpersonal ambivalence exists among people with obsessive-compulsive disorders. Therefore, this structure has the eligibility to be considered in research, especially in the treatment.