ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Thyroid disorders are implicated in a broad spectrum of reproductive disorders ranging from abnormal sexual development to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and premature menopause. Thyroid disorders are 10 times more common in women than men. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology endocrinology and surgery, at Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka. On 100 women in the age group of 15–45 years attending or admitted in the hospital during the period from September 2016 to August 2015, with suspected thyroid disorders with menstrual disturbances for a period of 18 months. Results and Observations: The most common age group was 35–45 years with 49% of the study population. 42% were unmarried. Most of the patients presented to us <3 months of onset of symptoms 37%, 46% from 3 months to 6 months, and 3% patients had symptoms more than 2 years. In our study, population in menstrual irregularities had 32% subclinical hypothyroid, 48% hypothyroid, 20% hyperthyroid, respectively, there was significant association with thyroid hormone levels with Fisher’s exact test P = 0.020. Conclusion: Menstrual disturbances are one of the most common complaints of women for which biochemical estimation of thyroid hormones should be done subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroid cases account for a large treatable percentage of menstrual disturbance
ABSTRACT
Background: The diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. (1) It occurs in 15% of all patients with diabetes and precedes 84% of all lower leg amputations. (2) Diabetes mellitus impedes wound healing by prolonging the inflammatory phase. Increased glucose in the tissue precipitates infection. (3) Diabetic microangiopathy which affects microcirculation. Increased glycosylated hemoglobin decreases the oxygen dissociation. Increased glycosylated tissue protein decreases the oxygen utilization. This study is intended to show the efficacy of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) dressing for a faster healing of diabetic ulcers when compared with the conventional saline dressing. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective case–control comparative study conducted at the Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, from August to July 2016. 80 consenting patients who met the predefined criteria were taken for the study and divided into two groups, 40 patients each is put in the CMC with silver dressing group and the conventional saline dressing group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, glycemic control, and site of ulcer P < 0.001. In our study, we found that there was statistically significant difference in the rate of infection between the two groups. Conclusion: Silver impregnate dressings have a role in the management of diabetic ulcers by reducing the local burden of infection which is an important cause for non-healing ulcer analgesia.