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1.
Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.) ; 5(2): 135-146, July-Dec. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671539

ABSTRACT

Delay discounting, one element which underlies decision-making, can be defined as the depreciation of the value of a reward related to the time that it takes to be released. High rates of delay discounting are found in subjects who are willing to forgo greater rewards available only after some length of time and who show a preference for smaller rewards that are available immediately. Widely used as a measure of impulsiveness, delay discounting can be evaluated using experimental tasks. The present review evaluated tasks of delay discounting, their features, measures of evaluation and anomalies, and some variables that can affect delay discounting results and applications in the study of individual and intra-individual differences.


Subject(s)
Decision Making , Impulsive Behavior , Neuropsychology
2.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-693454

ABSTRACT

Investigaram-se atitudes permissivas ou restritivas ao uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) e medicações sem prescrição, durante a gestação e a amamentação. Os participantes da população geral (n=172) e gestantes (n=137) responderam uma enquete sobre cenários nos quais uma gestante e uma lactante poderiam ou não consumir SPAs e medicações. O uso de SPAs e medicações foi restringido pela maioria. Dentre os participantes que permitiram o consumo, esse deveria ser em frequência e/ou doses menores. Dentre as gestantes, houve discrepância entre atitudes e comportamento, pois parte das gestantes fumou durante a gestação, mesmo tendo atitude restritiva.


Fueron investigadas actitudes de permisión o restricción del uso de sustancias psicoactivas (SPAs) y medicamentos sin prescripción durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Los participantes de la población general (n=172) y embarazadas (n=137) contestaron una encuesta acerca de escenarios en los cuales una embarazada y una lactante podrían o no consumir SPAs y medicaciones. El uso de SPAs y medicamentos fue restringido por la mayoría. Entre los participantes que permitieron el consumo, este debiera ser con frecuencia y/o dosis menores. Entre gestantes, hubo discrepancia entre actitudes y comportamiento, pues parte de ellas fumó durante el embarazo, mismo teniendo actitud restrictiva.


Permissive and restrictive attitudes concerning the use of psychoactive substances and medication without prescription during pregnancy and breastfeeding were investigated. Participants in the general population (n=172) and pregnant women (n=137) answered a questionnaire about contexts in which a pregnant or breastfeeding woman could use psychoactive substances and medication or not. The majority chose to restrict the use of these substances. Participants who allowed consumption indicated lower frequency or dosage. Among the pregnant women, a discrepancy was found between attitudes and behavior, as part of them smoked during pregnancy, despite their restrictive attitude.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alcoholism , Attitude , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Smoking , Substance-Related Disorders
3.
Psico USF ; 14(1): 71-81, abr. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514469

ABSTRACT

Crenças irracionais (CIs) são interpretações ilógicas da realidade que colaboram para o desenvolvimento de perturbações emocionais. A premissa deste estudo é que as CIs podem estar relacionadas ao ajustamento emocional e à satisfação de vida. Estudantes universitários (n=157), responderam ao Questionário de Crenças Irracionais, à Escala de Crenças Irracionais, à Escala Fatorial de Neuroticismo e à Escala de Satisfação de Vida. As CIs apresentaram correlações positivas com dois fatores da Escala Fatorial de Neuroticismo (Vulnerabilidade e Ansiedade) e negativa com idade e com satisfação de vida. Os resultados levam a reflexões importantes sobre a efetividade da Terapia Cognitiva, em especial da Terapia Racional Emotivo-Comportamental, para o ajustamento emocional e para a satisfação de vida dos clientes, que poderiam ser medidas indiretas de sucesso terapêutico.


Irrational beliefs (IB) are illogical interpretations of reality that contribute to the development of emotional problems. This study aims to show that irrational beliefs in college students (n=157) might be related to emotional adjustment and life satisfaction. The participants have completed Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire, Neuroticism Factorial Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale. The IB showed positive correlation with two factors of the Neuroticism Factorial Scale (Vulnerability and Anxiety), and negative correlation with age and life satisfaction. The results suggest important considerations on the effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy, especially of Rational Emotive Therapy, for the emotional adjustment and life satisfaction of the clients, which could be an indirect measure of the therapeutic success.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Personal Satisfaction , Students , Superstitions/psychology
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