Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Anxiety/drug therapy , Chlorpheniramine/therapeutic use , Maze Learning/drug effects , Memory/drug effects , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor and non-motor impairments that affect the subject's quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of treadmill-walking training with additional body load on the quality of life and motor function of subjects with PD. METHODS: Nine subjects with PD, Hoehn and Yahr stages 2-3, not demented and with capability to ambulate independently took part in this study. The training program was divided into three phases (A1-B-A2): treadmill training with additional body load (A1), control condition (conventional physical therapy group; B) and a second period of treadmill training with load (A2). Each phase lasted six weeks. Quality of life and motor function were assessed by the PDQ-39 and the motor score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), respectively. The evaluations and the training were performed during the on-phase of the medication cycle. RESULTS: There was improvement in the total PDQ-39 score across the training period. The subscores mobility, activities of daily living and cognition subscores significantly improved after the training period. The improvement in the total score was associated with motor and non-motor factors in all of the training phases. The UPDRS motor score also improved, however it did not present any association with the improvement in quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the treadmill-walking training with additional body load allowed an improvement in motor and non-motor aspects related to quality of life and motor function in subjects with PD.
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A doença de Parkinson (DP) causa prejuízos motores e não-motores que afetam a qualidade de vida dos sujeitos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um treino de marcha em esteira, com aumento da carga corporal, sobre a qualidade de vida e a função motora de sujeitos com DP. MÉTODOS: Nove sujeitos com DP idiopática, estágio 2 a 3 da escala de Hoehn & Yahr, sem demência e com capacidade de andar independentemente participaram do estudo. O programa de treino foi dividido em três fases (A1-B-A2) de seis semanas cada: treino da marcha em esteira com aumento da carga corporal (A1), condição controle (fisioterapia convencional) (B) e treino da marcha em esteira novamente (A2). A qualidade de vida e a função motora foram avaliadas, respectivamente, pela PDQ-39 e escore motor da UPDRS (Escala Unificada de Avaliação da Doença de Parkinson). As avaliações e os treinos foram realizados na fase on do ciclo da medicação. RESULTADOS: Houve melhora no escore total da PDQ-39 ao longo do período de treino. Os subitens mobilidade, atividades da vida diária e cognição da PDQ-39 melhoraram significativamente após o treino. A melhora no escore total mostrou correlação com fatores motores e não-motores. O escore motor da UPDRS também melhorou, no entanto, não houve correlação com a melhora na qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram que o treino em esteira com aumento de carga corporal permitiu uma melhora de aspectos motores e não-motores relacionados à qualidade de vida e à função motora de sujeitos com DP.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Exercise Therapy , Parkinson Disease/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Walking , Exercise Therapy/methods , Weight-BearingABSTRACT
This work investigated the effect of the Hj receptor blockade in the forebrain of ablated Carassius auratus in a simple stimulus-response learning task using a T-maze test with positive reinforcement. The goldfish were submitted to surgery for removal of both telencephalic lobes five days before beginning the experiment. A T-shaped glass aquarium was employed, with two feeders located at the extremities of the long arm. One of the two feeders was blocked. The experimental triáis were performed in nine consecutive days. Each fish was individually placed in the short arm and confined there for thirty seconds, then it was allowed to swim through the aquarium to search for food for ten minutes (máximum period). Time to find food was analysed in seconds. Animáis were injected intraperitoneally with chlorpheniramine (CPA) at 16 mg/kg of body weight or saline after every trial, ten minutes after being placed back in the home aquarium. The results show that all the training latencies of the A-SAL group were higher than the latencies of the S-SAL group. The S-SAL group had decreased latencies from the second trial on, while the S-CPA group showed decreased latencies after the fourth trial. The A-SAL group showed reduced latencies after the fifth trial, but the A-CPA group mainteined the latencies throughout the experiment. This suggests that CPA impairs the consolidation of learning both on telencephalon ablated animáis and in sham-operated ones through its action on mesencephalic structures of the brain and/or on the cerebellum in teleost fish.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carps/physiology , Chlorpheniramine/pharmacology , Choice Behavior/drug effects , Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology , Maze Learning/drug effects , Telencephalon/surgery , Carps/surgery , Choice Behavior/physiology , Maze Learning/physiology , Reaction TimeABSTRACT
Visando determinar a preferência por ambientes claros ou escuros, peixes dourados (Carassius auratus) foram submetidos a um teste num aquário em que podiam sair de um compartimento central indo seja para um compartimento preto, seja para um compartimento branco. Registrou-se (1) o primeiro compartimento escolhido,(2) a freqüência de entradas em cada compartimento, e (3) o tempo gasto neles. Os resultados mostram que, nas condições experimentais, C. auratus tem preferência significativa pelo escuro, uma característica relevante para o desenvolvimento de um modelo experimental de ansiedade com esta espécie