ABSTRACT
Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) overexpression may play a significant role in this process. A positive correlation between adipose tissue gene expression of PAI-1 and its serum concentration has been reported. Furthermore, high serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and PAI-1 have been observed in obese children. The present study evaluates the impact of thyroid hormone treatment on white adipose tissue PAI-1 gene expression and its serum concentration. Male Wistar rats (60 days old) were treated for three weeks with T4 (50 µg/day, Hyper) or with saline (control). Additionally, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated for 24 h with T4 (100 nM) or T3 (100 nM). PAI-1 gene expression was determined by real-time PCR, while the serum concentration of PAI-1 was measured by ELISA using a commercial kit (Innovative Research, USA). Both the serum concentration of PAI-1 and mRNA levels were similar between groups in retroperitoneal and epididymal white adipose tissue. Using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, in vitro treatment with T4 and T3 increased the gene expression of PAI-1, suggesting non-genomic and genomic effects, respectively. These results demonstrate that thyroid hormones have different effects in vitro and in vivo on PAI-1 gene expression in adipocytes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects , Gene Expression/drug effects , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/metabolism , Thyroxine/pharmacology , Triiodothyronine/pharmacology , Adipocytes/drug effects , Adipocytes/metabolism , Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Gene Expression/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics , Rats, Wistar , RNA, Messenger/metabolismABSTRACT
Durante 1978 e 1982, 522 pacientes submeteram-se à laparoscopia na Clínica Ginecológica da Universidade de Säo Paulo. Da análise dos resultados obtidos, os autores concluíram que a laparoscopia é recurso propedêutico indispensável para o diagnóstico de certas ginecopatias e sobretudo na investigaçäo da esterilidade. Em 244 pacientes com presumível ginecopatia, 69 (28,3%) tinham pelvis normal. Nas demais 175 (71,7%) a laparoscopia permitiu o diagnóstico correto, seja por visäo direta ou biópsia laparoscópica. Em 43 mulheres referindo algia pélvica crônica e exame ginecológico normal, 18 (41,9%) eram portadoras de ginecopatias compatíveis com a sintomatologia. De 183 pacientes com esterilidade,somente 20 (10,9%) tinham achados laparoscópicos normais.. Em 163 (89,1%), pôde-se diagnosticar fator tubário (35%) endometriose pélvica (5,5%) e esterilizaçäo prévia (13,6%). Das 95 pacientes submetidas à esterilizaçäo, 68 (71,6%) tinham enfermidades sistêmicas graves, indicando-se esterilizaçäo tubária por via laparoscópica. O índice de falha, neste grupo, foi de 2,1%. Näo se registraram óbitos e tampouco graves complicaçöes na presente casuística