Gastrectomía laparoscópica en carcinoide gástrico / Laparoscopic gastrectomy in gastric carcinoid

Introduction: gastric carcinoid is a very low frequency tumor. A proportion of them require surgery to control the disease. The ideal surgical treatment is controversial. Aim: to describe the perioperative and follow-up course of patients with gastric carcinoid subjected to laparoscopic gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: retrospective study of patients undergoing some type of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric carcinoid the last 10 years. We collected demographic background, preoperative evaluation, type of surgery, complications and follow-up. Results: during the study period were operated 7 patients, 5 were men. The average age was 54 years. In three patients the diagnosis was a finding, while the rest had abdominal pain associated with nonspecific symptoms. Four patients had a type I gastric carcinoid associated with chronic gastritis and hypergastrinemia, and the others had a type III gastric carcinoid. Six patients underwent lapa-roscopic total gastrectomy while in the remaining patient (type III) was subtotal. There were no postoperative complications. During follow-up one patient required a reoperation for mechanical ileus secondary to adhesions and one patient required endoscopic dilatation because esophagoyeyunostomy stenosis. At 32 months of median follow-up (1-52) no patient has relapsed. Conclusion: laparoscopic gastrectomy is an alternative in the surgical treatment of patients with gastric carcinoid. It's safe and represent adequate oncological results in the short and medium term.

Introducción: el carcinoide gástrico es un tumor de muy baja frecuencia. Una proporción de ellos requiere de cirugía para controlar la enfermedad. El tratamiento quirúrgico ideal es controversial. Objetivo: describir los resultados perioperatorios y de seguimiento de pacientes con carcinoide gástrico de indicación quirúrgica, sometidos a gastrectomía laparoscópica. Materiales y Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a algún tipo de gastrectomía por vía laparoscópica por carcinoide gástrico en los últimos 10 años. Se recopilaron antecedentes demográficos, estudio preoperatorio, tipo de cirugía, complicaciones y seguimiento. Resultados: durante el período de estudio se operaron 7 pacientes, 5 eran hombres. El promedio de edad fue 54 años. En tres pacientes el diagnóstico fue por hallazgo mientras que en el resto la presentación fue dolor abdominal asociado a síntomas inespecíficos. Cuatro pacientes presentaban un carcinoide tipo I asociado a gastritis crónica e hipergastrinemia, mientras el resto presentaba un carcinoide tipo III. En 6 pacientes se realizó una gastrectomía total por vía laparoscópica mientras que en el paciente restante (tipo III) fue subtotal. No hubo complicaciones postoperatorias. Durante el seguimiento un paciente requirió una re-exploración quirúrgica por un íleo mecánico secundario a bridas y otro paciente requirió dilatación endoscópica por estenosis de la esófago-yeyuno anastomosis. A los 32 meses de seguimiento promedio (1-52) ningún paciente ha recidivado. Conclusión: la gastrectomía laparoscópica constituye una alternativa quirúrgica en el tratamiento de los pacientes con carcinoide gástrico. Es una cirugía segura y de resultados oncológicos adecuados en el seguimiento a corto y mediano plazo de este tipo de pacientes.

Sobrevida a largo plazo en adultos inmunocompetentes mayores de 60 años hospitalizados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad / Long-term survival of immunocompetent patients older than 60 years hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia

Background: A reduction in long-term survival of adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially older people with múltiple comorbidities, has been reported. Aim: To examine the clinical variables associated to mortality at 72 months of adult patients older than 60 years hospitalized with CAP and compare their mortality with a control group matched for age, gender and place of admission. Material and Methods: Prospective assessment of 465 immunocompetent patients aged 61 to 101 years, hospitalized for CAP in a teaching hospital. Hospital and 30 day mortality was obtained from medical records. Seventy two months survival ofthe 424 patients who were discharged olive, was compared with a group of 851 patients without pneumonia paired for gender and age. Mortality at 72 months was obtained from death certificates. Results: Eighty seven percent of patients had comorbidity. The median hospital length ofstay was 10 days, 8.8% died in the hospital, 29.7% at one year follow-up and 61.9%o at 6 years. The actuarial survival at six years was similar in the cohort of adults hospitalized with CAP and the control group matched for age, gender and site of care. In a multivariate analysis, the clinical variables associated with increased risk of dying during long-term follow-up were older age, chronic cardiovascular and neurological diseases, malignancy, absence of fever, low C-reactive protein at hospital admission and high-risk parameters of the Fine índex. Conclusions: Advanced age, some specific comorbidities, poor systemic inflammatory response at admission and high risk parameters of the Fine Index were associated to increased risk of dying on long-term follow-up among older adults hospitalized for CAP.

Predictores clínicos de mortalidad en el seguimiento a mediano plazo en pacientes adultos inmunocompetentes hospitalizados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad / Predictors of one year mortality among immunocompetent adults hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia

Background: Mortality increases in adults, especially in older adults, after recovery from an episode of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Aim: To analyze survival and predictors of death at one year follow up of a cohort of adult patients hospitalized with CAP. Material and Methods: Immunocompetent patients admitted to a clinical hospital for an episode of CAP were included in the study and were assessed according to a standardized protocol. One year mortality after admission was assessed using death records of the National Identification Service. Clinical and laboratory variables measured at hospital admission associated with risk of death at one year follow up were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis by a logistic regression model. Results: We evaluated 659 patients aged 68 ± 19 years, 52% were male, 77% had underlying conditions (especially cardiovascular, neurological and respiratory diseases). Mean hospital length of stay was 9 days, 7.1% died during hospital stay and 15.8% did so during the year of follow-up. A causal agent was identified in one third of cases. The main pathogens isolated were Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.9%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.1%), respiratory viruses (6.5%) and Gram-negative bacilli (6.5%). In multivariate analysis, the clinical variables associated with increased risk of dying during the year of follow-up were older age, chronic neurological disease, malignancies, lack of fever at admission and prolonged hospital length of stay. Conclusions: Age, specific co-morbidities such as chronic neurological disease and cancer, absence of fever at hospital admission and prolonged hospital length of stay were associated with increased risk of dying during the year after admission among adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.