ABSTRACT
Aims: The focus of this study was to assess the production of secondary metabolites of callus derived from Jatropha curcas L. petiole explants. Study Design: Laboratory experimental tests; Tissue culture, Lyophilisation, Phytochemical Analysis, Determination of tannins by Folin-Denis method. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Phytobiology, Department of Biotechnology. General Atomic Energy Commission. Regional Center of Nuclear Studies of Kinshasa P.O BOX 868 Kin.XI DR Congo during March and June 2013. Methodology: In vitro callus cultures were initiated from petiole explants of Jatropha curcas L. on Murashige & Skoog (1962) basal medium supplemented with growth regulator formulations 4.44 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 4.92 μM of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 100 ml L-1 coconut milk. Callus was lyophilized. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical tests for the presence of plant secondary metabolites. The amount of tannins was estimated by Folin-Denis method. Results: Excellent growth of callus was obtained. Callus was soft, friable, lush green in color and grew fast from 8 to 30 days of culture then stabilized at low growth rate. The results obtained by phyto-chemical tests revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids. The tannin contents in vitro proliferated callus, leaves, stem barks, root barks, roots and latex of J. curcas were found to be 161, 173, 220, 214, 43 and 245 μg tannic acid equivalent/g of dry weight respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study have revealed that in vitro induced callus from J. curcas petiole explants was able to produce secondary metabolites. The pharmacological activity of J. curcas reported by various researchers can be attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals.
ABSTRACT
Aims: This study aims at investigating the antibacterial activity of crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves and root barks of Jatropha curcas against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to confirm the effective use of this plant against the uropathogenic strains in traditional medicine in Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C). Study Design: Laboratory experimental tests; Extraction of J. curcas leaf and root bark, susceptibility tests (zones of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and phytochemical screening and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Phytobiology, Department of Biotechnology and Department of Microbiology, General Atomic Energy Commission. Regional Center of Nuclear Studies of Kinshasa P.O BOX 868 Kin. XI DRC during October and November 2011. Methodology: Fresh leaves and root barks of J. curcas were collected, oven- dried at 45ºC, powdered and extracted with water and methanol. The aqueous extracts were lyophilized. Agar disc diffusion method was used to test antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of J. curcas against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter diversus isolated from UTIs. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical tests. HPLC method was used to screen phenolic compounds. Results: The crude extracts exhibited a significant antibacterial activity against four of seven tested bacterial isolates. MIC values ranged from 1.0 to 7.5 mg/L. The extracts phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids. The presence of phenolic compounds was screened by HPLC analysis. Conclusion: The inhibitory effects of the crude extracts from leaves and root barks against uropathogenic strains have justified the usefulness of J. curcas for the treatment of UTIs and sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) in traditional medicine of D.R.C.
ABSTRACT
Lesauteursrap p o rtent les résultatsde l'analyse de la surveillance viro l ogiquedespara lysies flasques aiguës (PFA )en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC),pays longtemps ravagé par des conflits armés. Au total,3658 échantillons deselles de cas de PFA en provenance des provinces sous contrôle gouvernemental,ont été analysés selon les méthodes recom-mandées par l'OMS. L' a m é l i o ration de la surveillance épidémiologique des PFA s'est traduite par l'accroissement sensible dunombre d'échantillons traités qui est passé de 32 en 1997 à 2471 en 2001. Les performances du laboratoire national de réfé-rence accrédité en 1999,ontétéappréciées par le taux annuel d'isolement desentérov i rusnon poliov i rus qui estpassé de10%en 1999 à 20% en 2001,et par le rendu des résultats qui est passé de 50% en 1999 pour dépasser en 2001 le seuil de 80% exigépar l'OMS. De 1997 à 2001,68 souches de poliovirus sauvages ont été isolées dont 52 souches de type 1,une souche de type 2et 15de type 3. Quat re-vingt un pour cent des casdepoliomyélitesurve nus entre 1997 et 2001ontétéobservés chezdes enfa n t sâgés de 0 à 5 ans. Seulement 12% ont été détectés chez des enfants âgés de 6 à 14 ans contre 3% chez de jeunes adolescents.Soixante-sept pour cent des 45 sujets atteints de poliomyélite et dont l'état vaccinal était connu,avaient reçu 0 à 3 doses devaccinanti-poliomyélitiqueoral. Parcontre15sujets(33%) bien qu'ayant reçuplusde4 dosesrequises deva c c i n ,avaient quandmême développélamaladie. Depuis1997,t roisprovinces dela RDC sontexemptesde poliov i russauvage :la ville deKinshasa,leBas-Congoet leNord - K ivu. En 2001,lacirc u l ation depoliov i russauvage aétéinterrompuesurtoutel'étenduedupaysgr â c eaux activités de vaccination de routine et surtout à l'organisation des journées nationales de vaccination