ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infection is a common problem worldwide. Its clinical characteristics and susceptibility rates of bacteria are important in determining the treatment of choice and its duration. This study assessed the frequency and susceptibility to antimicrobials of uropathogens isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State capital, northeastern Brazil, from 2007 to 2010. A total of 1,082 positive samples were evaluated; E. coli was the most prevalent pathogen (60.4%). With respect to the uropathogens susceptibility rates, the resistance of enterobacteria to ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was 24.4% and 50.6%, respectively. Susceptibility was over 90% for nitrofurantoin, aminoglycosides and third-generation cephalosporins. High resistance rates of uropathogens to quinolones and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim draws attention to the choice of these drugs on empirical treatments, especially in patients with pyelonephritis. Given the increased resistance of community bacteria to antimicrobials, local knowledge of susceptibility rates of uropathogens is essential for therapeutic decision making regarding patients with urinary tract infections.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Brazil , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Infecçäo murina experimental por L. major caracteriza-se pela expansäo de subpopulaçöes distintas de células T CD4+. A resposta Th-1 relaciona-se com a produçäo de IFN-y e resoluçäo da infecçäo, enquanto a resposta Th-2 com a produçäo de IL-4 e IL-10 e disseminaçäo da infecçäo. O objetivo deste estudo foi de medir os niveis circulantes de IFN-y, IL-10 e TFN-alfa em pacientes com leishmaniose visceral ante, durante e ao final do tratamento, e verificar a associaçäo da presença destas citocinas com expressäo da doença. Quinze pacients com LV e quinze controles foram avaliados As citocinas foram medidas por ensaio imunoenzimatico (ELISA). Niveis circulantes IFN-y foram detectados em 13 dos 15 pacientes (mediana = 60 pg/ml)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Cytokines/therapeutic use , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/therapy , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Interleukin-10/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunologySubject(s)
Cytokines , Interferon-gamma , Interleukin-10 , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Avaliacao de TNF-alfa em pacientes com calazar tem despertado grande interesse devido ao seu papel no sistema imunologico e a sua atividade caquetizante. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a associacao entre os niveis plasmaticos de TNF-alfa, medidos atraves de sua imunorreatividade (ELISA) e bioatividade (ensaio citotoxico sobre as celulas L-929), e as manifestacoes clinicas da leishmaniose visceral. Amostras de 19 pacientes foram obtidas para determinacao do TNF-alfa antes, durante e apos a terapia antimonial, utilizando o ensaio de citotoxidade (todos os pacientes) e o ELISA (14 pacientes). Resultados discrepantes entre os ensaios de citotoxidade e o ELISA foram observados...