Culturas Infantis de Terreiro: agenciando memórias, histórias e narrativas / Children's Cultures of Terreiro: managing memories, stories and narratives

Da arte do viver à arte de estar pesquisando com crianças. O que podem as crianças de terreiro? Que infâncias permeiam este território? Por onde se movimentam as culturas infantis de terreiro? Quem são partícipes dessas culturas e como inscrevem suas marcas e grafias nas infâncias afrodiaspóricas? O quinto volume da Série Pensamento Negro Descolonial, "Culturas Infantis de Terreiro: agenciando memórias, histórias e narrativas", visa provocar aberturas para novos imaginários sobre as infâncias; produzir fissuras nos lugares por onde perpassam os estudos sobre crianças e infâncias, num Brasil que pouco se reconhece como forjado por tradições e culturas de matriz africana; provocar deslocamentos em conceituações aprisionadas e mumificadas em uma infância universal, branca, colonizada. Importa destacar que a infância, por si só, é uma referência de incômodo ao que está estabelecido e definido no mundo adultocêntrico. Incômodo que é ampliado quando tratamos de infâncias de terreiro e negras. Trata-se de uma coletânea cuja arte-ciência abre caminhos e nos desafia a novas leituras de mundo crianceiras, em imagens, sons e palavras. Um percurso que se dobra ao ventre da tradição de matriz africana e que nos convoca às possibilidade de estudos e pesquisas que apostam nos espaços-vividos-revividos pela primeira infância de terreiro; que se desafia à construção de novos modos de evidenciar as concepções de infâncias experienciadas nas comunidades tradicionais de terreiro ­ seja nas suas utopias de existir, nas fabulações sobre a vida ou na luta por políticas públicas que considerem a pluriversidade ontológica do ser criança em nossa sociedade. Seja bem vinda e bem vindo a modos de criançar a vida e a pesquisa. Sinta-se na dança, no riso, no desenforme infantil do ser e estar no mundo. Ao longo da leitura, permita-se criançar e apre(e)nder os (des)caminhos da infância.

Are cloth masks a substitute to medical masks in reducing transmission and contamination? A systematic review

Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic the use of cloth masks has increased dramatically due to the shortage of medical masks. However, the efficiency of this material is controversial. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of cloth masks in reducing transmission and contamination by droplets and aerosols for the general population and healthcare workers. Electronic databases were searched without year or language restrictions. Clinical and laboratorial studies were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using an adapted quality checklist for laboratory-based studies. ROBINS-I tool and Cochrane RoB 2.0 were used to evaluate non-randomized (n-RCT) and randomized clinical trials (RCT), respectively. The quality of the evidence was assessed through GRADE tool. From the eleven studies selected, eight were laboratory-based studies, one non-randomized and one RCT supported by laboratory data. Between the evaluated fabrics only three presented a filtration efficiency > 90%. Hybrid of cotton/chiffon (95%CI 95.2 to 98.8), hybrid of cotton/silk (95%CI 92.2 to 95.8) and cotton quilt (95%CI 94.2 to 97.8). However, cloth masks are not recommended for healthcare workers. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to a high methodological heterogeneity. The overall quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Despite the lower efficiency compared to medical masks, laboratorial results may underestimate the efficiency of cloth masks in real life. Cloth mask efficiency is higher when made of hybrid fabrics (cotton/chiffon, cotton/silk) and cotton quilt, mainly with multiple layers.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação da aplicação Creuza vs. Aedes: prevenção do Aedes Aegypti / Development of application creuza VS. AEDES: Aedes aegypti prevention

Este artigo apresenta um jogo lúdico digital chamado CREUZA VS. AEDES que visa fornecer informaçõesao jogador para prevenção das doenças transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti, que atualmente é um dos maioresproblemas de saúde que afeta o Brasil, além de frisar o combate aos possíveis criadouros dos mosquitos. O jogo foi desenvolvidocom baixo custo computacional para ser usado em diversos dispositivos. Com o intuito de validar a aplicação,usuários realizaram testes e responderam questionários para que suas respostas e observações possam ser usadas noaprimoramento do jogo que será disponibilizado em lojas virtuais.

This paper presents a digital playful game called CREUZA VS. AEDES which aims to provide information tothe player for the prevention of diseases transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which is currently one of the biggesthealth problems affecting Brazil, in addition to stress the fight against potential breeding of mosquitoes. The gamewas developed with low computational cost to be used in various devices. In order to validate the application, users conducted tests and completed questionnaires, and their answers and comments will be used in the game enhancementthat will be available in online stores.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes infectados pelo HTLV-1 em Belém/Pará / Clinical-epidemiological profile of HTLV-1 infected patients in Belém, Pará state, Brazil

ResumoObjetivoInvestigar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes portadores do HTLV-1 em Belém, no Estado do Pará, Brasil, descrevendo as características de indivíduos infectados e atendidos no Laboratório de Clínica e Epidemiologia de Doenças Endêmicas (LCEDE) do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).MetodologiaFoi um estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com coleta em prontuários de pacientes infectados pelo HTLV-1, matriculados no LCEDE do NMT da UFPA entre os anos 2000 a 2012. Foi aplicada a análise descritiva pelo programa Epi Info 3.2.5.ResultadosDos 182 prontuários, 35,2% eram do sexo masculino, e 64,8%, do sexo feminino. Houve predomínio de indivíduos casados (47,8%). A maioria (73,6%) tinha procedência do município de Belém-PA. Dentre os pacientes sintomáticos, 51% apresentavam sintomas neurológicos, 21%, queixas dermatológicas, 18%, queixas reumatológicas, e 10%, queixas autonômicas. Com relação aos pacientes com sintomas neurológicos, 16 (39,0%) foram diagnosticados com PET/MAH.ConclusõesHouve o predomínio do sexo feminino, na faixa etária entre 40 e 49 anos, casado, trabalho informal, procedentes de Belém, com queixas neurológicas e com retorno regular as consultas médicas.

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with HTLV-1 in Belém, Pará state, Brazil was investigated describing the characteristics of these patients at an outpatient service of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Laboratory of Endemic Diseases - LCEDE from the Tropical Medicine Center - NMT of the Federal University of Pará - UFPA.MethodologyIt was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with data collected from the records of HTLV-1 patients from 2000 to 2012. Descriptive analysis used Epi Info 3.2.5 software.ResultsOf the 182 patients, 35.2% were male and 64.8% female, with a predominance of married individuals (47.8%), approximately 73.6% were from Belém. Among the symptomatic patients, 51% presented neurological symptoms, 21% dermatological complaints, 18% rheumatologic complaints, and 10% autonomic complaints. Among the patients with neurological symptoms, 16 (39%) were diagnosed with HAM/TSP.ConclusionThere is predominance of females, aged 40-49 years, married, with informal jobs, from Belém, with neurological sings and regular return to medical visits.

Primary endemic Cryptococcosis gattii by molecular type VGII in the state of Pará, Brazil

In order to study the infectious agents causing human disseminated cryptococcosis in the state of Pará, North Brazil, 56 isolates of Cryptococcusspp. (54 isolated from cerebral spinal fluid and two from blood cultures) from 43 cases diagnosed between 2003-2007 were analysed. The species were determined through morphological and physiological tests and genotypes were determined by URA5-RFLP and PCR-fingerprinting (wild-type phage M13). The following species and genotypes were identified: Cryptococcus neoformans VNI (28/56, 50 percent), Cryptococcus gattii VGII (25/56, 44.64 percent) and C. gattii VGI (3/56, 5.26 percent). The genotype VNI occurred in 12 out of 14 HIV-positive adults, whereas the genotype VGII occurred in 11 out of 21 HIV-negative adults (p < 0.02, OR = 6.6 IC95 percent 0.98-56.0). All patients less than 12 years old were HIV negative and six cases were caused by the VGII genotype, one by the VGI and one by VNI. Therefore, endemic primary mycosis in HIV-negative individuals, including an unexpectedly high number of children, caused by the VGII genotype deserves further study and suggests the need for surveillance on cryptococcal infection in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazon.

Diagnosis of human rabies cases by polymerase chain reaction of neck-skin samples

Rapid diagnosis of rabies in suspected human cases influences post-exposure prophylaxis for potential contacts of the patient and ensures appropriate patient management. Apart from the central nervous system (CNS), rabies virus (RABV) is usually present in small sensory nerves adjacent to hair follicles of infected humans. We used an RT-PCR, with primers targeted to the 3' terminal portion of the nucleoprotein gene (N), to test neck-skin samples of nine patients who had rabies in order to validate a diagnostic method that could serve as an additional tool for rabies diagnosis, particularly in antemortem samples. Six of eight postmortem samples were found to be positive for rabies by RT-PCR, and one of two samples collected antemortem was positive with this same technique. Results were confirmed by DNA sequencing; this validates RT-PCR and neck-skin as a suitable technique and type of sample, respectively, for use in the diagnosis of human rabies. RT-PCR applied to neck-skin biopsies could allow early diagnosis and lead to more effective rabies treatment.