ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Fear-avoidance beliefs are related to the prognosis of chronicity in low back pain in subacute stages, however in chronic pain, is no clear the influence of these factors; it has been suggested that the study population can determine the magnitude of influence on disability and pain of those suffering from back pain. Currently, information does not exist in the Mexican population. Objective: To analyze the relationship between fear-avoidance beliefs with pain and disability in Mexicans with chronic low back pain; analyze potentials differences between subgroups according to the time of evolution. Methods: Cross-sectional study in Mexicans with chronic LBP aged between 18 and 45. Data were collected on general socio demographic characteristics, time of evolution, body mass index, pain, disability and fear-avoidance beliefs. Results: 33 men and 47 women, with an average age of 34.19 ± 7.65 years. Higher scores of fear-avoidance beliefs were obtained in women (47.2 ± 20.99 versus 38.5 ± 9.7; p = 0.05) and single participants (p = 0.04). A positive correlation was found between disability (r = 0.603, p < 0.001) and pain (r = 0.234, p = 0.03) with high scores of fear-avoidance beliefs. Through generalized linear models for disability, total score of the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire showed a standardized beta coefficient of 0.603, p < 0.001 (R 2 of 0.656); for pain showed a standardized beta coefficient of 0.29, p = 0.01 (R 2 of 0.721). Conclusion: The present study suggests that there is a strong relationship between pain severity, FABQ scores, and functional disability in Mexicans with chronic LBP.
RESUMO Introdução: As crenças de medo e evitação estão relacionadas com o prognóstico da cronicidade da lombalgia nas fases subagudas; contudo, na dor crônica, não é clara a influência desses fatores. Sugeriu-se que um estudo populacional pode determinar a magnitude da influência da lombalgia sobre a incapacidade e a dor. Atualmente não há informação a esse respeito na população mexicana. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as crenças de medo e evitação com a dor e incapacidade em mexicanos com lombalgia crônica; analisar potenciais diferenças entre subgrupos determinados pelo tempo de evolução. Métodos: Estudo transversal em mexicanos com lombalgia crônica entre 18 e 45 anos. Coletaram-se dados sobre características sociodemográficas gerais, tempo de evolução, índice de massa corporal, dor, incapacidade e crenças de medo e evitação. Resultados: Foram estudados 33 homens e 47 mulheres com média de 34,19 ± 7,65 anos. Obtiveram-se escores de crenças de medo e evitação mais elevados em participantes do sexo feminino (47,2 ± 20,99 versus 38,5 ± 9,7; p = 0,05) e solteiros (p = 0,04). Encontrou-se uma correlação positiva entre a incapacidade (r = 0,603, p < 0,001) e a dor (r = 0,234, p = 0,03), com altas pontuações de crenças de medo e evitação. Por meio de modelos lineares generalizados para incapacidade, a pontuação total no questionário de crenças de medo e evitação mostrou um coeficiente beta padronizado de 0,603, p < 0,001 (R2 de 0,656); para a dor, mostrou um coeficiente beta padronizado de 0,29, p = 0,01 (R2 de 0,721). Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere que há uma forte relação entre a intensidade da dor, os escores no FABQ e a incapacidade funcional em mexicanos com lombalgia crônica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Avoidance Learning , Low Back Pain/psychology , Disabled Persons/psychology , Fear/psychology , Chronic Pain/psychology , Severity of Illness Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Low Back Pain/complications , Chronic Pain/complications , MexicoABSTRACT
The agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of the major causes of myocarditis and dilated myocardiopathy in America. In Costa Rica, the latest studies revealed that the improvement of the general live conditions, has decreased the Chagas disease incidence in this country and its deadly complications. We described the clinical history and the autopsy findings of an infrequent case of death by this disease in Costa Rica, represented by myocarditis and dilated myocardiopathy manifestations caused by T. cruzi, where the diagnosis was made post-mortem.
El Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal de la Enfermedad de Chagas, constituye una de las principales causas de miocarditis y miocardiopatía dilatada en el continente americano. En Costa Rica, las últimas encuestas indican que las mejores condiciones de vida actuales han disminuido la incidencia de esta enfermedad y por consiguiente sus complicaciones; sin embargo, en el presente artículo se describió el cuadro clínico y los hallazgos de autopsia, de uno de los pocos casos de muerte por esta parasitosis en Costa Rica; se trata de un caso de miocarditis y miocardiopatía dilatada causada por T. cruzi, cuyo diagnóstico fue hecho post mortem.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/parasitology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/pathology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/parasitology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology , Autopsy , Costa Rica , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruziABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological evidences indicate that host genetic factors might be critical in determining susceptibility to infection with group A streptococci (GAS). The objective of the present study was to determine the extent to which the genetic background of the mouse strain affected induction and resolution of GAS infection. METHODS: Several inbred mouse strains were intravenously infected with Streptococcus pyogenes strain A20 and the mean survival times of mice was recorded overtime. Bacterial loads were determined in liver and spleen of infected animals at 48 h postinoculation. RESULTS: Different strains of mice exhibited differential susceptibility to GAS infection. After systemic infection with S. pyogenes, inbred mice showed substantial differences in mortality and bacterial loads. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: This study provides further evidences that a genetic component is associated with host susceptibility or resistance to GAS infection.