ABSTRACT
Background: In a decade, we faced two pandemic viruses, influenza A H1N1pdm09 and SARS CoV-2, whose most serious manifestation is pneumonia. Aim: To compare the clinical, epidemiological and management aspects of pneumonias caused by each pandemic virus in adults requiring hospitalization. Material and Methods: Comparative, observational study carried out at a regional Chilean hospital, including 75 patients with influenza A H1N1pdm09 prospectively studied in 2009 and 142 patients with SARS-CoV-2 studied in 2020. Results: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were older (56 and 39.7 years respectively, p < 0.01) and had significantly more comorbidities. Cough, fever and myalgias were more frequent in influenza. Dyspnea was more frequent in COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 had more extensive lung involvement and a longer hospitalization (13.6 and 8.6 days respectively, p = 0.01). There was no difference on ICU admission requirements and mortality attributable to pneumonia. Patients with influenza had greater APACHE scores and a higher frequency of a PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 200. During COVID-19pandemic chest sean replaced x-ray examination. Also high-flow nasal cannulas and awake prone position ventilation were added as treatments. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients were older, had fewer classic flu symptoms but more dyspnea and longer hospitalization periods than patients with influenza.
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) still is a public health issue in Chile. In the year 2015 TB incidence rate was 16 cases per 100.000 habitants and case fatality rate reached 10,8% of patients belonging to the last TB treatment follow-up of pulmonary cases cohort (2013). It is well noted higher case fatality rate in TB hospitalized patients. The aim of this study is to determine our hospital case-fatality rate, recognize main risks factors involved and establish survival at 6 months since hospital discharge. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study in the Instituto Nacional del Tórax (INT) including inpatients adults over 15 years old between July 2012 and June 2015 whose diagnosis at discharge time was tuberculosis. Demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory, microbiological and radiological test, hospital stay, treatment, complications and mortality at 6 months were recorded. We used a logistic regression model to identify mortality-associated factors and to analyze the survival using Kaplan-Meiers method. Results: 100 patients whose average age was 46 ± 19 years-old were included. 64% were male. Pulmonary tuberculosis predominated (79 cases). The hospital stay was 27 ± 32 days. In-hospital case fatality rate was higher in pulmonary TB compared to other TB forms (11.4% and 8% respectively). Survival at 6 months was 91%. Multivariate analysis showed that increased case fatality rate was associated with albumin ≤ 3.0 g/dL, thrombocytopenia, and shock. Conclusions: case fatality rate in our hospitalized TB patients is similar to that described in the country. We must pay attention in pulmonary TB inpatients, which have decreased levels of albumin and platelet, or develop septic shock.
Introducción: La Tuberculosis (TBC) aún es un problema de salud pública en Chile. El 2015, la incidencia en todas las formas fue 16 casos x 100.000 habitantes, y en la cohorte de casos de TBC pulmonar adultos en tratamiento, la letalidad fue 10,8% (2013). Un subgrupo de estos pacientes requieren hospitalización y tienen mayor morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Conocer la letalidad hospitalaria, los factores riesgo y determinar la sobrevida a 6 meses del diagnóstico e inicio del tratamiento. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional que incluyó a todos los pacientes >15 años, hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax (INT) entre el 1 julio 2012 al 30 Junio 2015 y cuyo diagnóstico de egreso fue TBC. Se registraron datos demográficos, comorbilidades, exámenes de laboratorio, microbiológicos, radiológicos, estadía hospitalaria, tratamiento, complicaciones y letalidad a 6 meses. Para identificar factores asociados a letalidad, utilizamos un modelo de regresión logística y para sobrevida se utilizó la curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes, edad 46 ± 19 años, 64% varones. Predominó la TBC pulmonar (79%). La estadía hospitalaria fue 27 ± 32 días. La letalidad intrahospitalaria fue 8% en TBC y 11,4% en TBC pulmonar. La sobrevida a los 6 meses fue 91 %>. El análisis multivariado mostró que la letalidad se asoció estadísticamente con niveles de albúmina ≤ 3,0 g/dl, trombocitopenia y shock séptico. Conclusiones: La letalidad en pacientes hospitalizados con TBC es similar a la descrita en el país. Se debe poner especial atención en pacientes con TBC pulmonar que tienen hipoalbuminemia, trombocitopenia al ingreso, o desarrollan shock séptico.