ABSTRACT
Trichotillomania [TTM] is an unknown disorder and resistant to treatment. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the new metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for trichotillomania. The present study was a description and correlation study. In this study, 635 participants [304 male and 331 female] were selected. The participants completed the Massachusetts general hospital hair pulling scale [MGH-HPS], dysfunctional attitude scale [DAS], cognitive distortion scale [CDS], automatic thought questionnaire [ATQ], metacognition questionnaire [MCQ], and the obsessive-compulsive behavior scale [OCBS]. For reliability assessment of the factor structure of the metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model, the structural equation modeling analysis was used by AMOS software. The results of the structural equation modeling supported a metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for trichotillomania. Moreover, the results showed that the model had the best fit to the data and was closely related to the theoretical assumptions. The model presented in this study illustrates a multidimensional approach that focuses on the metacognitive, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions; hence, the model presented in this study is a new explanatory model. This model may prompt future research into trichotillomania and facilitate clinical treatment and case formulation
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Skin Picking Scale-Revised Version. In this descriptive and validation study, participants were 550 [250 male and 300 female] of the University of Isfahan were selected randomly from 15000 students. In order to examine the factor structure of the SPS-R we conducted both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and Cronbach's alpha. Convergent validity of SPS-R with YBOCS-BDD, OCI-R and DASS 21-item were r=0.45, r=0.51 and r=0.70 [p<0.001]. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed two factors, one assessing impairment and the other symptom severity [4 items each]. These factors could determine 58.1% of the variance. The Cronbach's alpha for the two factors were above 0.88. Also, results were shown to possess good psychometric properties, as well as discriminant validity and classification accuracy, in both clinical and community populations. It can be concluded that this instrument is a useful measure for assess skin-picking disorder symptoms in clinical assessment
ABSTRACT
Today, within creased substance, type of substance used has changed. Therefore, drug abuse in population of crack to the stimulant drugs [amphetamine] particularly crystal is expanding and increasing. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was the comparison of attentional bias and difficulty of emotional states regulation and their correlation with craving severity in drug abuser methamphetamines and crack. Type of research was descriptive analytical correlation. Population was total of users with methamphetamines and crack in summer and fall 2011 at the city of Isfahan, and 34 users with crystal with daily at least one year were selected on the basis of the snow ball sampling and 31 users with crack with daily at least one year were selected on the basis of the sample sampling. The difficulties emotion regulation scale [DERS], Stroop test and OCDUS were used as the outcome measures. For findings used of descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance [MANCOVA] and regression analysis were used. The results of analysis of variance showed that between drug abuser crystal and crack significantly differed of attentional bias and difficulty of emotional states regulation. The greatest differences to components of a lack of transparency, lack of emotional awareness, limit emotional states regulation strategies and of emotional responses. But, only the variable non-acceptance negative emotional of subscale of the difficulty of emotional states regulation was able to craving [as an important indicator of durable use substance] in of both crack and crystal predicted. This variable is only 13% of the variance craving in drug abuser crack and crystal can be explained. Other findings showed that although there is no difference between the two groups in the intensity of craving, but attentional bias among drug abuser crack and crystal was a significant difference. Overall, can be said the difference in difficulty of emotional states regulation, attentional bias and craving among abusers of amphetamines [crystal] substance opiate [crack], two groups of abusers requires different approaches to interventions
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to examine validity, reliability and factor structure analysis of the revised version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-71 [SCARED-71]. After providing the Persian version of the target scale using translation and back translation, the approved version of the SCARED-71 as well as School Anxiety Inventory [SAI] and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [CERQ] were administered to 237 students [83 males, 154 females] of Isfahan city selected through stratified-cluster sampling. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability coefficient were 0.93 and 0.83, respectively, The range of Cronbach's alpha and retest reliability for the subscales were 0.57 to 0.84 and 0.61 to 0.82, respectively. Female probands reported higher anxiety scores in all subscales. Convergent and divergent validity of the SCARED-71 in correlation of the CERQ subscale were confirmed. Explanatory factor analysis revealed seven factors accounted for 43% of the total variance. This structure was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Conciusion: The revised version of the SCARED-71 has satisfactory validity and reliability