Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian children aged less than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 소아과

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Iranian children under 5 years of age using a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL, and the Iranian databases, including Scientific Information Database (www.sid.ir), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc.ac.ir), Iranmedex (www.iranmedex.com), and Magiran (www.magiran.com), for all articles published between January 1989 and August 2017. Sources of heterogeneity were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS: Six articles were ultimately included in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence, based on which the prevalence of obesity and overweight were estimated to be 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%–10%) and 9% (95% CI, 7%–11%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls was 9% (95% CI, 6%–13%) and 7% (95% CI, 4–10%), respectively, and the prevalence of overweight in boys and girls was 10% (95% CI, 5%–15%) and 9% (95% CI, 5%–13%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite high heterogeneity among the results of the articles included in the meta-analysis, the prevalence of obesity and overweight is higher in Iranian children under 5 years of age. Therefore, parents and the health system must pay more attention to the lifestyle, nutritional habits, and physical activity of these children.

Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: premenstrual syndrome [PMS] is a common disorder characterized by physical, mental and behavioral changes in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in the reproductive age women

Objective: the present study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of PMS in Iran by a systematic review and meta-analysis study

Materials and Methods: in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched international databases included ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and also local databases including Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran for articles in English and Persian language published up to September 2016. We carried out data analysis with Stata version 11. We examined heterogeneity in the results of studies through I[2] statistics and chi- square based Q test. Also, we investigated the effects of potential heterogeneity factors in the prevalence of PMS by meta-regression

Results: we studied a total of 9147 reproductive-age women from 24 articles which entered to meta-analysis. Based on the result of random effect model, we estimated the overall prevalence of PMS 70.8% [95% CI: 63.8-77.7]. The results of subgroup analysis revealed that prevalence of PMS was 80.4% [95% CI; 66.9-93.9] among high school students, 68.9% [95% CI; 59.2-78.6] among university students, and 54.9% [95% CI; 51.6-58.2] in general population. Univariate meta-regression model showed that prevalence of PMS was decreased by increasing the age of subjects but this was not statistically significant [p=0.155]

Conclusion: our finding showed that PMS was prevalent in Iranian reproductive age women especially among high school students. More epidemiological research for determining factors that affect PMS prevalence seems essential

[Knowledge, skills, access and usage status of computers, internet and databases in nursing students and some of the related factors]

Today, medical and nursing education is moving from traditional into student-centered educational system. In this context, teaching and learning via computers and internet has been increasing in popularity. This study was aimed to determine the knowledge, skills, access and usage of computers, internet and databases in nursing students and some of the related factors. This is a descriptive and correlation study. 145 undergraduate students were randomly selected from the nursing midwifery school. Data were collected by "status of computer and internet usage" questionnaire. Content validity and test-retest method were used for its validity and reliability respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and analytical - descriptive statistics. Nursing students expressed their knowledge and skills of computers and internet usage in the good level. Also, their access to computers and internet were "high" [44. 8%] and "moderate" [47. 6%] respectively. The most important factors of facilitating and inhibiting usage of computers and internet were "Easy using of computer" and "Slow speed of internet" respectively. The knowledge and skills of computers and internet usage was correlated with their usage. The results of this study highlights needs of computers and internet learning for nurses. This should be consider by health planners and policy makers

Epidemiological study of cholera in Qazvin city during summer of 2011

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by consuming food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Two main epidemiological characteristic of disease is tendency for create of sudden outbreaks and the ability to causing a pandemic. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of the disease. This survey is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on reports from the health centers and hospitals covered by city health centers. Rectal swab is obtained from all suspected cases. After reporting each positive case, health team was sent to the location and it completed the epidemiological form. Data were analyzed by version 16 of SPSS software. All reported patients were 44 cases. Epidemic lasted from 4 August to 18 September 2011. Ogawa was the predominant pathogenic serosubtype. 47.7% of all patients admitted to the hospital and 52.3% were treated as outpatients. Most of the patients were in age group >60 years and there were no reports of disease in age group under 15 years. 2 of the 44 patients had mild symptoms of diarrhea, 13 patients had moderate and 29 cases had severe diarrhea. Not affection of age groups less than 15 years indicates epidemic patterns of disease in the city. Severity of symptoms is important in case finding; then, in disease surveillance system we should obtain rectal swab specimen from all cases of diarrhea with severe symptoms