Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, S-100 Protein and Synaptophysin Expression in Biliary Atresia Gallbladder Tissue / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Purpose@#Biliary atresia (BA) is a disease that manifests as jaundice after birth and leads to progressive destruction of the ductal system in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate histopathological changes and immunohistochemically examine the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), synaptophysin, and S-100 protein in the gallbladder of BA patients. @*Methods@#The study included a BA group of 29 patients and a control group of 41 children with cholecystectomy. Gallbladder tissue removed during surgery was obtained and examined immunohistochemically and histopathologically. Tissue samples of both groups were immunohistochemically assessed in terms of GDNF, S-100 protein, and synaptophysin expression. Expression was classified as present or absent. Inflammatory activity assessment with hematoxylin and eosin staining and fibrosis assessment with Masson's trichrome staining were performed for tissue sample sections of both groups. @*Results@#Ganglion cells were not present in gallbladder tissue samples of the BA group.Immunohistochemically, GDNF, synaptophysin, and S-100 expression was not detected in the BA group. Histopathological examination revealed more frequent fibrosis and slightly higher inflammatory activity in the BA than in the control group. @*Conclusion@#We speculate that GDNF expression will no longer continue in this region, when the damage caused by inflammation of the extrahepatic bile ducts reaches a critical threshold. The study's findings may represent a missing link in the chain of events forming the etiology of BA and may be helpful in its diagnosis.

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, S-100 Protein and Synaptophysin Expression in Biliary Atresia Gallbladder Tissue / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Purpose@#Biliary atresia (BA) is a disease that manifests as jaundice after birth and leads to progressive destruction of the ductal system in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate histopathological changes and immunohistochemically examine the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), synaptophysin, and S-100 protein in the gallbladder of BA patients. @*Methods@#The study included a BA group of 29 patients and a control group of 41 children with cholecystectomy. Gallbladder tissue removed during surgery was obtained and examined immunohistochemically and histopathologically. Tissue samples of both groups were immunohistochemically assessed in terms of GDNF, S-100 protein, and synaptophysin expression. Expression was classified as present or absent. Inflammatory activity assessment with hematoxylin and eosin staining and fibrosis assessment with Masson's trichrome staining were performed for tissue sample sections of both groups. @*Results@#Ganglion cells were not present in gallbladder tissue samples of the BA group.Immunohistochemically, GDNF, synaptophysin, and S-100 expression was not detected in the BA group. Histopathological examination revealed more frequent fibrosis and slightly higher inflammatory activity in the BA than in the control group. @*Conclusion@#We speculate that GDNF expression will no longer continue in this region, when the damage caused by inflammation of the extrahepatic bile ducts reaches a critical threshold. The study's findings may represent a missing link in the chain of events forming the etiology of BA and may be helpful in its diagnosis.

Systemic melatonin application increases bone formation in mandibular distraction osteogenesis

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of systemic melatonin application on new bone formation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) in rats. Mandibular DO was performed on 30 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CNT), melatonin dose 1 (MLT-D1), and melatonin dose 2 (MLT-D2). A five-day latent waiting period and a ten-day distraction phase followed the surgery. After the surgery, rats from the MLT-D1 and MLT-D2 groups received 25 and 50 mg/kg melatonin, respectively, at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. The animals were euthanised 28 days after distraction, i.e. at 43 days after surgery. Histological and histomorphometric analyses revealed that the distracted bone area was completely filled with new bone formation in all three groups. The MLT-D2 group exhibited the most new bone formation, followed by MLT-D1 and CNT. The melatonin groups had more osteoclasts than the CNT (p < 0.05). The number of osteoblasts was higher in the melatonin groups than in the CNT group, and the MLT-D2 had more osteoclasts than the MLT-D1 group (p < 0.05). Finally, the osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were higher in the melatonin groups than in the CNT group, and the MLT-D2 had higher OPN and VEGF levels than the MLT-D1 (p < 0.05). This study suggests that systemic melatonin application could increase new bone formation in DO.

The effects of high-fat diet on implant osseointegration: an experimental study

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated whether a high-fat diet (HFD) affected the bone implant connection (BIC) in peri-implant bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four male rabbits were used in this study. Dental implant surgery was introduced into each tibia, and four implants were integrated into each animal. In both the normal diet (ND) group (n=2) and HFD group (n=2), 8 implants were integrated, for a total of 16 integrated implants. The animals continued with their respective diets for 12 weeks post-surgery. Afterward, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the BIC was assessed histomorphometrically. RESULTS: Histologic and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that BIC was not impaired in the HFD group compared to the ND group. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, we found that HFD did not decrease the BIC in rabbit tibias.

Diagnostic value of ischemia-modified albumin in acute coronary syndrome and acute ischemic stroke

To investigate diagnostic value of ischemia-modified albumin [IMA] levels in patients applying to emergency with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome [ACS] and acute ischemic stroke [AIS]. Two patient groups [ACS and AIS] and a control group were constituted. The study was discontinued upon reaching 30 patients in each group. Following patient approval at the initial visit, a total of 10 ml venous blood sample was obtained from all patients with a high clinical suspicion of ACS and AIS. The Troponin I and the IMA levels were determined in the blood samples. Statistically significant higher IMA values were determined in the patient groups compared to the control group [p < 0.001 for both groups]. No statistically significant correlation was found between the IMA and the Troponin I values in the ACS and the AIS groups [p>0.05 for both groups]. The sensitivity of IMA was 83% and 87% for ACS and AIS, respectively. The specificity of IMA was 90% and 87% for ACS and AIS, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity values, determined according to the optimal cut-off values in the groups demonstrated that IMA could be a useful diagnostic marker in ACS and AIS patients

Is there a relationship between beginning time and efficiency of octreotide in the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis? / 대한외과학회지

PURPOSE: The efficacy of octreotide in the treatment of acute pancreatitis is controversial. Octreotide treatment for acute pancreatitis often shows poor correlation between results obtained in experimental studies and results of clinical trials. In a clinical setting, there is always a delay between the onset of the disease and initiation of the octreotide treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the beginning of treatment and alteration in effectiveness of octreotide. METHODS: Acute pancreatitis was induced by pancreatic duct ligation in 50 rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups. Octreotide was not used in group 1 (control group). Only single dose (4 microg/kg) octreotide was administered subcutaneously to rats in group 2, having induced pancreatitis. Octreotide treatment was begun at different times (8th, 24th, 48th hour) in three other groups and continued treatment at a dosage of 4 microg/kg t.i.d. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the 72nd hour and blood and tissue samples were collected. RESULTS: Leukocyte count and plasma amylase values were less in groups 2 and 3. Hemorrhagic focuses were encountered less at pancreas tissues in group 3. Pancreatic necrosis and alveolar capillary basal membrane damage were lower in groups 3 and 4. No difference was found in fasting blood glucose, calcium and hematocrit. CONCLUSION: Octreotide had benefical effects in acute pancreatitis when octreotide treatment was begun in the first 24 hours.

prognostic value of the Glasgow coma scale, serum acetylcholinesterase and leukocyte levels in acute organophosphorus poisoning

Organophosphate poisoning [OP] is a serious clinical condition that may sometimes be fatal. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Glasgow coma scale [GCS], and serum acetylcholinesterase and leukocyte levels have prognostic value in acute OP poisoning. Retrospective review of records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Selcuk University, Meram Medical Faculty, Emergency Department, Konya, Turkey, between January 2006 and January 2009. We studied acutely OP-poisoned patients admitted within 24 hours after OP exposure. The mean age of the 25 patients was 37 years [range, 20-80 years]. Three [12%] of the 25 patients [male-female ratio, 12:13] died. The mean GCS values of the patients who died were significantly lower compared to those of the group that survived [4 vs 11.7, respectively P<.05]. While the mean serum acetylcholinesterase levels were lower in the patients who died, the difference in the mean serum acetylcholinesterase levels between the patients who died and the ones who survived was not statistically significant [3841 IU/L vs. 1768 IU/L, respectively]. Although serum cholinesterase values can be used in the quick diagnosis, their efficiency at predicting outcome in patients with OP poisoning has not been established. It has also been determined that serum leukocyte values have no prognostic value in OP poisoning, but GCS values have been found to be effective in predicting the outcome

prognostic value of trauma scoring systems for gunshot injuries

We aimed to evaluate the trauma scoring systems on gunshot injured patients to predict trauma severity. All patients with gunshot injury admitted to the emergency department [ED] from January 2007 through January 2009 were enrolled in the study. The demographic characteristics of patients such as age, gender, cause of the injury, type of the weapon used, the injured body parts, Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS], Shock Index [SI], the length of stay in the hospital and mortality were recorded from the patient charts. Injury Severity Score [ISS], Revised Trauma Score [RTS] and Trauma and Injury Severity Score [TRISS] have been calculated. The differences between the groups for these parameters were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The mean age of patients was 33.2 +/- 16.1 and 79 of 87 patients were male. The causes of GSIs were homicidal in 73.6% and bullet cartridge in 51.7%. Calculated GCS, ISS, RTS, TRISS and SI were 13.8 +/- 2.9, 13.0 +/- 9.3, 7.38 +/- 1.1, 93.9 +/- 14.9% and 1.9 +/- 0.9 respectively. GCS, RTS and TRISS scores for survivors were significantly higher than non-survivors [p<0.001]. ISS score and SI for survivors were significantly lower than non-survivors [p<0.001]. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the length of stay in hospital [p>0.05]. There was no statistically significant correlation of the length of stay in hospital with GCS, RTS and TRISS [p>0.05]. The length of stay in hospital was found to correlate with ISS and SI positively [p<0.001]. It is concluded that Gun Shot Injury [GSI] is much more likely in young males than the other types of trauma in the population. We recommend that trauma scoring systems should be used to show trauma severity and mortality