ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is an important health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. The most important marker for HBV infection is HBsAg. A proper identification of kit is required for proper diagnosis of infection, as well as disease management and prevention. Aims& Objective: - The aim of the present study was to compare rapid HBsAg detection ICT kits for the screening of HBV infection with gold standard ELISA method. Methods: The study comprised 500 blood samples of pregnant women. These samples were tested with ICT kits of (Hepa Card Company) and ELISA (HEPLISA by J. Mitra.). Results: In present study we found 100% sensitivity, 99.59% specificity, 81.81% positive predictive value ,100%Negative predictive value and 99.60% diagnostic efficiency of rapid card test with comparison to ELISA for HBsAg detection. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the overall performance of the rapid ICT kit for HBsAg was equally sensitive to ELISA and yet they were cheap and quicker. It can be recommended that ELISA comparable rapid devices may be allowed to be used for preliminary screening of HBsAg especially in remote areas or where cost is an issue.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a major global health problem and India accounts for 10- 15%of the entire pool of HBV carriers of the world. Prevalence of Hepatitis B in pregnant women worldwide is 2.5 to 1.5%, whereas in India it is 2 to 7%. Hepatitis B virus is a double stranded DNA virus. The study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B among the pregnant women in southern part of Rajasthan at a rural based tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, from August 2015 to December 2017.Blood samples were collected from 1011 pregnant women with age ranging from 15- 45 years. Screening of HBsAg was done by RPHA method and positive HBsAg tests were confirmed by ELISA. The data of those , who were found to be positive for HBsAg was statistically analyzed with the chi square tests, and results were considered significant if the p value was <0.05. Results: The overall HBsAg seroprevalence rate was 1.28%, among the total 1011 pregnant women included in this study. HBsAg seroprevalence was highest, (1.64%) in 15-25 years of age group, and 1.71% in the second trimester of pregnancy. The correlations of seroprevalence rate of HBsAg among selected age groups and according to second trimester of pregnancy were not found statistically significant. (p value>0.05) Conclusion: In this study the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen was 1.28%. To prevent vertical transmission in the pregnant women, they should be screened for HBsAg at the first antenatal visit for appropriate management.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis B infection is a major global health problem. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum is the first seromarker to indicate active HBV infection either acute or chronic. The seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen among general population attending OPD at a tertiary care hospital is useful in assessing true nature of problem, which can help to estimate the magnitude of HBV infection and aid in devising preventive measures. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B infection among OPD patients attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Data from Dec 2015- April-2017 for OPD patients underwent HBsAg screening were collected and analysed. Results: A total number of 3891 patients were screened for HBsAg among them 1731 (44.48%) were males and 2160 (55.51%) were females. The seroprevalence of HBsAg in total OPD patients was 90(2.31%), was higher in males 46(2.65%) as compared to females 44(2.03%). The highest seroprevalence was found in 60-71 (4%) age group. Conclusions: The seroprevalence of Hepatitis B positive cases was 2.31% among OPD patients. Also, the rising seroprevalence rates of hepatitis B in males need urgent attention.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Tinea/diagnosisABSTRACT
Twenty one patients of leprosy were studied for gastrointestinal symptoms and submitted to detailed intestinal absorption tests and jejunal biopsy before and after the institution of Clofazimine therapy. Fifteen patients were administered 100 mg orally daily for 3 months, while six patients with ENL received 300 mg of the drug for 6 weeks initially and then 100 mg daily. Mild diarrhoea and abdominal symptoms occurred in four patients, fecal fat excretion increased in one patient but Schilling's and d-Xylose tests did not alter. No significant changes were produced by Clofazimine therapy in jejunal mucosa. Clofazimine crystals were seen in the lamina properia of one patient, the overlying mucosa was normal. No correlation was found between the abnormality in mucosal pattern, crystal deposition, absorption parameters or symptomatology and doses of drug taken.