ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: ECG is one of the most common diagnostic procedures. Errors related to incorrect placement of electrodes and/or inaccurate connection of them in their standard anatomical location will cause some changes in the ECG waves. These errors may cause therapeutic or diagnostic mismanagements. This study was done to determine the common errors in connection or placement of leads in standard electrocardiograms
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 315 patients admitted to an educational and therapeutic hospital in Gorgan, Iran during 2014. The recorded variables included the distance between the positions of the V1, V2, V5 and V6 leads from the standard location, the displacement of the left and right electrodes in bipolar limb lead I and the incorrect right and left connectivity of V1 and V2, the admission section, the urgency of ECGs and the patient's gender. The gender of ECG operator, the standard ECG voltage, staff shift, the average number of ECGs taken by the personnel, and the precise bonding of wires were observed. In the precordial leads, the distance of more than 2 centimetres from the standard leads location was considered as error threshold
Results: The misplacement errors were observed in 149 cases [47.3%]. In 20 cases [13.42%] of ECGs, the standard voltage was not observed. The highest number of misplacement errors was observed in the V5 [30.2%]. Misplacement errors showed a significant differences [P<0.05] for the patient gender [61.77%], the type of department [emergency department 61.67%], the non-urgent application [68.12%], and the average number of ECGs taken by personnel of 5 or less in each shift [11.67%]
Conclusion: Patient's gender and emergency department are the most important factors in misplacement of precordial leads
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Male infertility is increasing worldwide. There is now emerging evidence that nutritional status is regarded as a critical determinant of normal reproductive function. Hence, today, the role of dietary nutrition has attracted the attention of researchers. Thus, the present study was conducted to elucidate the effects of tail fat [TF] enriched diet on male rat reproductive function
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three equal groups and were fed with either standard diet [control] or standard diet enriched with 10 % of TF oil or standard diet enriched with 20% TF for 5 consecutive months. Finally, the rats were euthanized, the weights of their bodies, and their testes were measured. Then, the testes were dissected and the sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for quantitative histopathological examination. Besides, blood samples were collected for testosterone [T] assessment
Results: Compared to the control group, the rats fed with a diet enriched with 20% TF had significantly [P
Conclusion: It was clearly found that excessive and long term intake of TF can be causative of hypogonadism and increase infertility in male rats
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Due to the rapid growth of global interest in use of herbal medicine, their efficacy and safety evaluation have become important. In recent studies, internal septum of walnut fruit suggested as a hypoglycemic agent. Therefore, the present work was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extract of internal septum of walnut fruit [ISWF] on some biochemical and pathological aspects related to renal function in diabetic rats
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research 32 acute Alloxan induced diabetic and 8 healthy rats divided into 5 equal group and treated orally once per day for 1 month as fallow diabetic groups I and II received 200 and 400 mg/kg of ISWF extracts, diabetic group III received 50 mg/kg metformin and diabetic group IV and healthy group received saline 0.9% as control groups. Finaly, fasting blood glucose [FBG], 24h urine total protein [UTP], blood nitrogen urea [BUN] and plasma cratinine [Cr] were assessed biochemically and also quantitative and qualitative renal histopathological altrations for 1200 glomerulus were determined pathologically
Results: In compare to diabetic control group, the ethanolic extract of ISWF in dose independence manner significantly reduced [p
Conclusion: The ethanolic extracts of ISWF have beneficial effects on renal function in diabetic rats
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The pomegranate fruit peel has been suggested in traditional medicine as an anti-obesity compound. Therefore, the study was carried out to evaluate the effects of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of pomegranate fruit peel on obesity and lipid profile in rat
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 Wistar male rats randomly divided into 4 equal groups [2 experimentals and 2 controls]. The experimental groups A and E treated with aqueous or ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel at dose of 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 35 days. The control groups N and X respectively received 5mg/kg of saline and Xenical during the study as same as the experimental groups. The rats' weight, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference were determined before and after investigation. Also at the end of study plasma lipid profile were measured. All data were analyzed by Prism software [ver- 3] and using paired samples t-test and ANOVA
Results: Comparison of weight change before and after the intervention showed a significant reduction in the Group E and a significant increase in group N [p
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of pomegranate fruit peel can be considered as an anti-obesity compound in further studies
ABSTRACT
Heart velocity may be influenced by gagging. The medulla oblongata receives the afferents of gag reflex. Neuronal pools of vomiting, salivation and cardiac parasympathetic fibers are very close in this area. So, their activities may be changed by spillover from each other. Using the heart rate variability [HRV] analysis, the effect of gagging on cardiac sympatovagal balance was studied. ECG was recorded from 12 healthy nonsmoker volunteer students for 10 minutes in the sitting position between 10 and 11 AM. Gagging was elicited by tactile stimulation of the posterior pharyngeal wall. At 1 kHz sampling rate, HRV was calculated. The mean of heart rate at low and high frequencies [LF: 0.04-0.15; HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz] were compared before and after the stimulus. The mean of average heart rate, LF and HF in normalized units [nu] and the ratio of them [LF/HF] before and after the gagging were 89.9 +/- 3 and 95.2 +/- 3 bpm; 44.2 +/- 5.8 and 21.2 +/- 4; 31.1 +/- 5.3 and 39.4 +/- 3.8; and 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 0.6 +/- 0.2 respectively. Gagging increased heart velocity and had differential effect on two branches of cardiac autonomic nerves. The paradoxical relation between average heart rate and HRV indexes of sympatovagal tone may be due to unequal rate of change in autonomic fiber activities which is masked by 5 minutes interval averaging