ABSTRACT
Objectives@#Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The most common cause is Candida albicans, followed by non-albicans Candida. This study aimed to identify colonized Candida species in HIV-infected patients from Ahvaz, Iran. Additionally, the relationships between immunity-related factors, lifestyle, and colonization of Candida spp. were studied. @*Methods@#Oral swabs were taken from 201 HIV-positive patients referred for consultations at the Behavioral Modification Center. Oral Candida colonization was detected using culture-based and molecular assays. Data were assessed by descriptive statistics and analyzed to investigate the correlation between Candida colonization and various factors, including the CD4+ cell count and viral load. @*Results@#It was found that 43.8% of patients were positive for Candida. The most common species was C. albicans (48.0%), followed by non-albicans Candida isolates, including C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. kefyr, and C. krusei. Colonization of Candida spp. in patients was associated with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3 (odds ratio [OR], 4.62; p<0.05), history of shared injections (OR, 6.96; p<0.001), and sex (OR, 3.59; p<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The results of this study showed that C. albicans was the dominant pathogen. The risk factors for colonization of Candida spp. were a CD4 count ≤ 200/mm3 , a history of shared injections, and sex. Other factors with potential relationships include viral load, age, and opportunistic infections, but further investigations are needed.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The most common cause is Candida albicans, followed by non-albicans Candida. This study aimed to identify colonized Candida species in HIV-infected patients from Ahvaz, Iran. Additionally, the relationships between immunity-related factors, lifestyle, and colonization of Candida spp. were studied. @*Methods@#Oral swabs were taken from 201 HIV-positive patients referred for consultations at the Behavioral Modification Center. Oral Candida colonization was detected using culture-based and molecular assays. Data were assessed by descriptive statistics and analyzed to investigate the correlation between Candida colonization and various factors, including the CD4+ cell count and viral load. @*Results@#It was found that 43.8% of patients were positive for Candida. The most common species was C. albicans (48.0%), followed by non-albicans Candida isolates, including C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. kefyr, and C. krusei. Colonization of Candida spp. in patients was associated with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3 (odds ratio [OR], 4.62; p<0.05), history of shared injections (OR, 6.96; p<0.001), and sex (OR, 3.59; p<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The results of this study showed that C. albicans was the dominant pathogen. The risk factors for colonization of Candida spp. were a CD4 count ≤ 200/mm3 , a history of shared injections, and sex. Other factors with potential relationships include viral load, age, and opportunistic infections, but further investigations are needed.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: this study aimed to compare the efficacy of panoramic radiography and the buccal object rule in intraoral periapical radiography for localization of impacted maxillary canine teeth
Methods: a total of 20 panoramic radiographs depicting 28 displaced maxillary canines were evaluated. The ratio of the mesiodistal width of the impacted canine to the mesiodistal width of the ipsilateral central incisor was calculated and referred to as the canine-incisor index [CII]. The height of the crown of each displaced canine was classified in vertical plane relative to the adjacent incisor as apical, middle or coronal. Position of impacted maxillary canines was also determined on two periapical radiographs using the buccal object rule. Surgical exposure and direct observation of impacted teeth were later performed and served as the gold standard. The data were analyzed using SPSS and t-test
Results: there was an overlap in the CII range of the buccally [0.78-1.48] and palatally [1.15-1.75] positioned impacted canines. When considering the height factor in the middle and coronal zones, a significant difference was noted between the CII of buccally [0.78-1.1] and palatally [1.15-1.75] positioned teeth enabling determination of their buccolingual orientation [P<0.05]
Conclusion: for the impacted maxillary canines located in the middle and coronal zones [90% of cases], the CII of 1.15 and higher represents palatal impaction while the CII smaller than 1.15 represents buccal impaction
ABSTRACT
Introduction and Aims: this study aimed to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and job stress and its associated factors associated in EMS personnel of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Materials and Methods: cross-sectional study was that a total of 150 emergency personnel affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 150 questionnaires were completed and returned. Data collection questionnaires were researcher made job satisfaction and HSE job stress. Content validity was confirmed by expert consultant and the reliability coefficient were calculated by the test-retest method in %10 of cases [N = 15] at 2-wk intervals. Total cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85 and for dimensions it was 0.8 to 0.91. In data analysis SPSS v.21 software and descriptive statistics [mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient] and inferential statistics [ANOVA, Fisher's exact test and Pearson's correlation coefficient] were used in significant level of [P < 0.05]
Results: according to the results the most level of job satisfaction was related to workplace conditions and the lowest was in the relationship with one's life and job security. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between job satisfaction and job stress and its related factors, there is meaningful relationship [P < 0.05]. Also there was a significant relationship between job satisfaction among emergency personnel and some individual characteristics such as age and working experience [P < 0.05]
Conclusion: job satisfaction of EMS personnel is a vital factor in health and immune system that causes to improvement of performance, quality of healthcare and patient satisfaction and reduction of costs