Should we do renal ultrasonogram in every child with urinary tract infection?

The aim of this study was to assess renal ultrasound in pediatric patients admitted with uncomplicated urinary tract infection. This retrospective study was carried out in Abuzar pediatric hospital. Duration of study was 3 year from March 2006. Cases with positive urinary culture were included in this study. Positive urinary culture was defined as 100,000 CFU/ml of midstream sample or urine bag or 10,000 CFU/ml in suprapubic sample. Sex, age, sonographic findings, VCUG, and DMSA scan findings were recorded. T-Test, chi-square, and ANOVA was used for comparison. SPSS ver 13.0 [SPSS Inc, Chicago, II, USA] used for analysis. In our study 625 cases were included. Hydronephrosis [56,40%]; bladder wall thickness 33 [23.57%]; hydroureter 13 [9.29%]; parenchyma! echogenicity 8 [5.71%], and stone 6 [4.29%] were the most common findings. Of 538 renal utrasonogram, 398 [73.97%] were normal and 140 were abnormal [26.03%] [P0.0001]. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predicative value of RUS for VUR were 42.68%, 78.96%, 38.04%, and 81.99% respectively. In cases with UTI, most of the renal ultrasound was normal. Hydronephrosis was the most common identified abnormality among cases with VUR

Pregnancy outcome in undiagnosed gestational diabetes

To investigate the outcomes of macrosomia and compare the risk factors associated with neonatal and maternal complications between mothers with gestational diabetes [GDM] and Non-GDM mothers, and determine whether it is important to screen for GDM before birth. We sampled the venous blood of the mothers of 120 macrosomic neonates in the first 24 hours after delivery, and assessed glycohemoglobin [HbA1c] levels. A diagnosis of GDM was based on a HbA1c > 5.9%. Twenty-three [19%] mothers had an HgbA1c > 5.9%. Maternal and neonatal complications were not significantly different in undiagnosed GDM and non-GDM women. Except for the mother's age, parity, and BMI, other risk factors for the development of GDM didn't differ significantly between the two groups. The frequency of neonatal and maternal complications associated with the birth of macrosomic neonates are not significantly different between GDM and non-GDM mothers. Hence, the universal screening of pregnant women for GDM is not recommended