Clinical characteristics and diagnostic indicators of macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and adult-onset Still's disease / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), and to evaluate the applicability of the 2016 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization classification criteria for MAS complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) in different auto-immune diseases contexts and to propose new diagnostic predictive indicators.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and laboratory data of 24 SLE patients with MAS (SLE-MAS) and 24 AOSD patients with MAS (AOSD-MAS) who were hospitalized at Peking University People's Hospital between 2000 and 2018. Age- and sex-matched SLE (50 patients) and AOSD (50 patients) diagnosed in the same period without MAS episodes were selected as controls. The cutoff values for laboratory indicators predicting SLE-MAS and AOSD-MAS were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, the laboratory diagnostic predictive values for AOSD-MAS were used to improve the classification criteria for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated MAS (sJIA-MAS), and the applicability of the revised criteria for AOSD-MAS was explored.@*RESULTS@#Approximately 60% of SLE-MAS and 40% of AOSD-MAS occurred within three months after the diagnosis of the underlying diseases. The most frequent clinical feature was fever. In addition to the indicators mentioned in the diagnosis criteria for hemophagocytic syndrome revised by the International Society for Stem Cell Research, the MAS patients also exhibited significantly elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, along with a significant decrease in albumin. Hemophagocytosis was observed in only about half of the MAS patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the optimal discriminative values for diagnosing MAS was achieved when SLE patients had ferritin level≥1 010 μg/L and lactate dehydroge-nase levels≥359 U/L, while AOSD patients had fibrinogen levels≤225.5 mg/dL and triglyceride levels≥2.0 mmol/L. Applying the 2016 sJIA-MAS classification criteria to AOSD-MAS yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 62%. By replacing the less specific markers ferritin and fibrinogen in the 2016 sJIA-MAS classification criteria with new cutoff values, the revised criteria for classifying AOSD-MAS had a notable increased specificity of 86%.@*CONCLUSION@#Secondary MAS commonly occurs in the early stages following the diagnosis of SLE and AOSD. There are notable variations in laboratory indicators among different underlying diseases, which may lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis when using uniform classification criteria for MAS. The 2016 sJIA-MAS classification criteria exhibit high sensitivity but low specificity in diagnosing AOSD-MAS. Modification of the criteria can enhance its specificity.

Clinical research of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 in China, and to improve the understanding of MIS-C among pediatricians. Methods: Case series study.Collect the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, treatment decisions, and prognosis of 64 patients with MIS-C from 9 hospitals in China from December 2022 to June 2023. Results: Among the 64 MIS-C patients, 36 were boys and 28 were girls, with an onset age being 2.8 (0.3, 14.0) years. All patients suffered from fever, elevated inflammatory indicators, and multiple system involvement. Forty-three patients (67%) were involved in more than 3 systems simultaneously, including skin mucosa 60 cases (94%), blood system 52 cases (89%), circulatory system 54 cases (84%), digestive system 48 cases (75%), and nervous system 24 cases (37%). Common mucocutaneous lesions included rash 54 cases (84%) and conjunctival congestion and (or) lip flushing 45 cases (70%). Hematological abnormalities consisted of coagulation dysfunction 48 cases (75%), thrombocytopenia 9 cases (14%), and lymphopenia 8 cases (13%). Cardiovascular lesions mainly affected cardiac function, of which 11 patients (17%) were accompanied by hypotension or shock, and 7 patients (12%) had coronary artery dilatation.Thirty-six patients (56%) had gastrointestinal symptoms, 23 patients (36%) had neurological symptoms. Forty-five patients (70%) received the initial treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin in combination with glucocorticoids, 5 patients (8%) received the methylprednisolone pulse therapy and 2 patients (3%) treated with biological agents, 7 patients with coronary artery dilation all returned to normal within 6 months. Conclusions: MIS-C patients are mainly characterized by fever, high inflammatory response, and multiple organ damage. The preferred initial treatment is intravenous immunoglobulin combined with glucocorticoids. All patients have a good prognosis.

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection-related osteoporosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Clinically, osteoporosis is often observed in combination with different disease states in patients with hepatitis B virus infection, but because of its complex pathogenesis, non-specific early clinical manifestations, and inadequate clinical attention, the patient's prognosis is frequently affected. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection-related osteoporosis in order to raise awareness of the disease.

A preliminary study on the role of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the expression of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) in peripheral blood of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and its role in the pathogenesis of JIA.@*METHODS@#In this prospective study, peripheral blood was collected from 47 children with different subtypes of JIA and 10 healthy children. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression levels of VISTA, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on CD14+ mononuclear cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes.@*RESULTS@#The children with JIA had a significantly lower expression level of VISTA than the healthy children (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of VISTA between the children with different subtypes of JIA, with the lowest expression level in those with systemic JIA (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in the expression of VISTA between different immune cells, with a significantly higher expression level on the surface of monocytes (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that VISTA was negatively correlated with the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α on CD4+ T cells (r=-0.436 and -0.382 respectively, P<0.05), CD8+ T cells (r=-0.348 and -0.487 respectively, P<0.05), and CD14+ mononuclear cells (r=-0.582 and -0.603 respectively, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The insufficient expression of VISTA may be associated with the pathogenesis of JIA, and enhancing the immunomodulatory effect of VISTA might be one option for the treatment of JIA in the future.

Role of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in the disease activity of juvenile idiopathic arthritis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the expression levels of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and NKG2D soluble ligands, the soluble MHC class I chain-related molecules A and B (sMICA/sMICB) in the active stage and stable stage of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and their role in the disease activity of JIA.@*METHODS@#Nineteen children with systemic JIA and 20 children with articular JIA who were diagnosed in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in this prospective study. Six healthy children were enrolled as the control group. After peripheral blood samples were collected, ELISA was used to measure the levels of sMICA and sMICB, and flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells. Systemic Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-27 (sJADAS-27)/Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-27 (JADAS-27) was used to evaluate the disease activity in children with JIA. The Pearson correlation analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the role of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells, sMICA and sMICB in the disease activity of JIA.@*RESULTS@#The active systemic JIA and active articular JIA groups had a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells compared with the control group and their corresponding inactive JIA group (P<0.05). The JIA groups had significantly higher levels of sMICA and sMICB than the control group (P<0.05), and the active articular JIA group had a significantly higher level of sMICB than the stable articular JIA group (P<0.05). In the children with JIA, the percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and the levels of sMICA and sMICB were positively correlated with sJADAS-27/JADAS-27 disease activity scores (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that sMICB had an area under the curve of 0.755 in evaluating the disease activity of JIA, with a specificity of 0.90 and a sensitivity of 0.64.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and the levels of sMICA and sMICB increase in children with JIA compared with healthy children and are positively correlated with the disease activity of JIA, suggesting that CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and NKG2D ligands can be used as potential biomarkers for evaluating the disease activity of JIA.

Effect of compound nutrients on behavior and fatigue in mice with high temperature exercise / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of high temperature on learning and memory ability, behavioral activity, and fatigue as well as the intervention effect of compound nutrients on the exercising mice. METHODS: Thirty specific pathogen-free healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal-temperature exercise, high-temperature exercise, and high-temperature exercise supplement groups, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in these three groups performed treadmill exercise for one hour every day, six days per week, and continued for four weeks. The mice in the high-temperature exercise supplement group were fed with 0.3 mL of compound nutrients 30 minutes before each treadmill exercise, whereas the mice in the normal-temperature exercise and the high-temperature exercise groups were fed with an equal volume of distilled water. At the end of the treadmill exercise, the mice were subjected to experiments on their neurological behaviors. The serum of mice in each group were collected to detect the lactic acid level, urea nitrogen level, and creatine kinase activity. The liver and gastrocnemius muscle tissues were then taken for detecting the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen.RESULTS: Compared with the mice in the normal-temperature exercise group, the escape latency of the mice in the high-temperature exercise group was prolonged(P<0.05), whereas the number of platform crossings, percentage of target quadrant time, and distance were reduced(all P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the high-temperature exercise group, the escape latency of the mice in the high-temperature exercise supplement group was shortened(P<0.05), whereas the number of platform crossings, percentage of target quadrant time, and distance were increased(all P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the normal-temperature exercise group, the first fall time and grip strength of the mice in the high-temperature exercise group were reduced(all P<0.05), whereas the number of falls was increased(P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the high-temperature exercise group, the first fall time and grip strength of the mice in the high-temperature exercise supplement group were increased(all P<0.05), whereas the number of falls was reduced(P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the normal-temperature exercise group, the serum lactic acid level, urea nitrogen level, and creatine kinase activity of the mice in the high-temperature exercise group were increased(all P<0.05), whereas the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were decreased(all P<0.05). Compared with the mice in the high-temperature exercise group, the serum lactic acid level, urea nitrogen level, and creatine kinase activity of the mice in the high-temperature exercise supplement group were decreased(all P<0.05), whereas the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were increased(all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High temperature exercise can lead to decreased learning and memory ability and behavioral activity in mice, resulting in exercise-induced fatigue. Supplemental compound nutrients can prevent these changes.

Clinical characteristics of crystal deposits in joints and tendons in patients with gout / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the abnormal manifestations and clinical features of patients with gout according to the location of crystal deposits: in articulars or in tendons.@*METHODS@#A total of 105 patients with gout who were continuously treated in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Peking University People's Hospital from June 2019 to December 2019 were selected and their knees, ankles, toes and painful joints and tendons were examined by high-frequency ultrasound. Then we grouped them according to the presence or absence of sodium urate crystals and the location of the crystals, collected their clinical data, and analyzed the clinical characteristics.@*RESULTS@#Among the 105 patients, 25 patients had no crystal deposits in the joints or tendons (as the non-crystal group), 43 patients had intra-articular crystals (as the joint group), and 37 patients had intra-tendon crystals with or without intra-articular crystals (as the tendon group). Among them, the most involved part of sodium urate crystals deposited in the joints was the metatarsophalangeal joint (29 cases, 67.4%), followed by knee joints (10 cases, 23.2%), ankle joints (9 cases, 20.9%). The most involved part of sodium urate crystals deposited in the tendon was the quadriceps tendon (16 cases, 43.2%), followed by the Achilles tendon (13 cases, 35.1%), the patellar tendon (12 cases, 32.4%), and the three heads of brachii tendons (5 cases, 13.5%). The three groups were compared using multi-sample analysis of variance/multi-sample rank sum test. Age, age of first increase in uric acid (UA), serum glucose (Glu) level and C reactive protein (CRP) were all significantly different. After multiple comparisons, compared with the non-crystal group, age, the age of first increase in uric acid, and CRP were significantly higher in the tendon group. There was no significant difference between the non-crystal group and the joint group. There was no significant difference between the tendon group and the joint group.@*CONCLUSION@#In patients with gout, it is common for ultrasound to find crystals deposited in joints or tendons. The most commonly affected parts include the metatarsophalangeal joint, knee joint, ankle joint, quadriceps tendon, Achilles tendon, patellar tendon, and triceps tendon. There were significant differences among the three groups in age, age of first increase in uric acid, CRP and blood glucose, and the proportion of urinary calculi in patients with crystal deposits was significantly higher than those without crystal deposits.

Recent progress of antimicrobial peptides in sepsis treatment / 中华危重病急救医学

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to the dysregulation of host responses during infection. Severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is the primary pathophysiological feature. Despite the classical antibiotic therapies play an important role in sepsis, the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria makes a greater challenge in clinical. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) which consist of small cationic peptides, can be found in most organisms. As a result of their board-spectrum antibacterial activities and immunoregulatory functions, AMPs may have an excellent effect on the treatment of sepsis. In this review, we will discuss the basic role of AMPs in sepsis treatment and their application prospect and the challenges which need to be resolved in order to provide ideas for clinical application of AMPs.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of C-7 haloacyl cephalosporins / 药学学报

Cephalosporins are widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases. The structural differences in cephalosporin drugs mainly lie in the C-7 amino side chain and the C-3 substituent. In this study, twenty-five haloacylated cephalosporins of five series were designed by using a strategy of introducing simple substituents at the C-7 amino group in four cephalosporin parent nucleus with different C-3 substituents and efficiently synthesized under optimized conditions. Their activities against human pathogenic bacteria, Pichia pastoris, citrus canker and citrus pathogenic fungi were evaluated. The results showed that most of the molecules had activity against human pathogenic bacteria, of which seven compounds including TM1f had stronger or equivalent inhibitory activities against eight human pathogens than the marketed drugs cefalotin, cefoxitin sodium and ceftizoxime sodium. The inhibitory activity of TM1s against Alternaria alternate Al.6 was stronger than that of cephalosporins and comparable to that of the positive control prochloraz. TM1f and TM1s are worthy of further study.

Monomorphic epithelial intestinal T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological characteristic analysis / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the histopathological morphology, immunophenotype, molecular pathological features, clinical prognosis and treatment of monomorphic epithelial intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 5 patients with MEITL in Sichuan Jinyu Medical Laboratory Center Co., Ltd from March 2019 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and literatures were reviewed. All cases were tested by using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and T-cell clonability assessment, and 1 case had second-generation sequencing (NGS) test. Clinical follow-up was performed in 2 patients.Results:All 5 MEITL cases were middle-aged and old men. The histopathology showed that intestinal wall was diffuse with tumor cells infiltrating, and the cells were obviously epitheliophilic. All the tumor cells CD3, CD8, CD56, GrB were positively expressed, and expressions of other T-cell markers were different, among which 1 case had CD30 positive and 1 case had CD20 positive. All 5 cases were negative for EBV by in situ hybridization. Monoclonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor gene was detected in all 5 cases. Mutations of BCOR, JAK3, STAT5B and ATM were detected in 1 case by using NGS. Among 2 cases followed-up, 1 patient relapsed 7 months after he had the initial onset and underwent the first operation, and then he had another operation. This patient finally died of extensive metastasis in the lung, liver and abdominal cavity as well as ascites 13 months later; another patient died 1 month after emergency surgery for perforation.Conclusions:MEITL is a rare primary T-cell lymphoma of the digestive tract. The oncogenic event in the pathogenesis of MEITL mainly involves mutations in the tumor suppressor gene SETD2 and mutations in one or more genes of the JAK/STAT pathway. Currently, there is no standard treatment for MEITL. Most treatment options include surgical resection and anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Case-control study of risk factors for recurrent low hemoglobin level among primary and middle school students / 上海预防医学

Objective To explore the risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin(RLH) level among students from 6 to 13 years old, and to formulate strategies and policies in this regard. Methods Surveillance on hemoglobin concentration was conducted among 71 742 students aged from 6 to 13y between 2013-2014 based on the annual physical examination for primary and middle school in Minhang District.Of those students, 670 were diagnosed with low hemoglobin level according to WHO criteria.A 1 ︰ 1 matched case-control study was conducted based on gender, age and school type.Questionnaire surveys for data collection were analyzed using Cox′s proportional hazards regression. Results Factors as pregnancy anemia(OR=2.32, 95%CI:1.49-3.63), non-pregnancy anemia(OR=4.65, 95%CI:1.22-17.69), maternal anemia(OR=2.51, 95%CI:1.50-4.21), drinking strong tea(OR=2.56, 95%CI:1.27-5.13) and dietary bias(OR=1.94, 95%CI:1.45-2.59) were risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin level.Chewing pencils(OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.25-2.59) or toys(OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.10-2.86) and wasting(OR=3.37, 95%CI:1.11-10.21)might be the risk factors. Conclusion The risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin level among students aged from 6 to 13 years are related to maternal anemia status and their dietary habits.We should strengthen education for women of child-bearing age, and help to develop healthy eating practices for their babies.Emaciated students should be focused on in this regard.

Progress and analysis on the development of 2019-nCoV vaccine / 生物医学工程学杂志

As the COVID-19 pandemic is intensifying globally, more and more people are pinning their hopes on the development of vaccines. At present, there are many research teams who have adopted different vaccine technology routes to develop 2019-nCoV vaccines. This article reviews and analyzes the current development and research status of 2019-nCoV vaccines in different routes, and explores their possible development in the future.

Effect of long-snake moxibustion on nonspecific low back pain with symptom of cold and dampness / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of long-snake moxibustion and ginger-partitioned moxibustion at point on nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) with symptom of cold and dampness.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients were randomized into a long-snake moxibustion group, an ashi point group and a waiting for treatment group, 40 cases in each one. Ginger-partitioned moxibustion was applied from Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoshu (GV 2) of governor vessel in the long-snake moxibustion group, and was applied at point of affected area in the ashi point group, 40 min each time, once every other day and totally 8 times were required. No intervention was adopted in the waiting for treatment group, and after the trial, long-snake moxibustion was applied. Before and after treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of rest and activity, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and the score of cold and dampness symptom were observed in the 3 groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the VAS scores of rest and activity, the ODI scores and the scores of cold and dampness symptom after treatment were decreased in the long-snake moxibustion group and the ashi point group (<0.05). After treatment, the variations of the above indexes in the long-snake moxibustion group and the ashi point group were larger than those in the waiting for treatment group (<0.05), and the variations of the above indexes in the long-snake moxibustion group were larger than those in the ashi point group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Long-snake moxibustion can effectively improve the pain, dysfunction and the symptom of cold and dampness in patients with nonspecific low back pain, and the improvement is superior to the ginger-partitioned moxibustion at point.

Adverse reactions of antidepressant drugs and their application in patients with cardiovascular diseases / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Depression has a high incidence in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and shows adverse effects on their life quality and prognosis. With the advent of new antidepressant drugs, oral antidepressant drugs are increasingly used in CVD patients with depression, and their efficacy and safety have attracted attention. Commonly used antidepressant drugs have many adverse reactions. When applying antidepressant drugs in CVD patients, we should pay special attention to their cardiovascular adverse reactions and their interaction drugs with commonly used CVD drugs. Clinicians should comprehensively evaluate and select appropriate antidepressant drugs for patients.

Application of ultrasonography scoring system in the assessment of IgG4-related sialadenitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the diagnostic value of salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) for IgG4-related sialadenitis.@*METHODS@#Ultrasonography examination of major salivary glands was conducted for 48 IgG4-related sialadenitis patients and 50 Sjögren's syndrome patients, whose ages and disease duration were matched. The imaging features were graded using two different scoring systems (0-16 and 0-48, respectively) obtained from the grades of bilateral parotid and submandibular glands. The scores were used to further evaluate the features of salivary gland ultrasonography in IgG4-related sialadenitis and to compare them with Sjögren's syndrome patients. The association of SGUS scores of IgG4-related sialadenitis group with serological tests was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The mean age of IgG4-related sialadenitis group and Sjögren's syndrome group was 49.23 years and 50.44 years, respectively. The serum IgG4 level of the patients in the IgG4-related sialadenitis group was increased, with an average (9.60±6.43) g/L. And the serum IgE level was at a median of 251.5 (123.4-543.6) IU/mL. In the 0-16 system, the scores of submandibular glands of the patients in IgG4-related sialadenitis and Sjögren's syndrome were 6.0 (6.0-8.0) and 4.0 (2.0-8.0), and the scores of the total four glands were 10.0 (8.0-14.0) and 8.0 (4.0-12.0) respectively. In the 0-48 system, the scores of submandibular glands with IgG4-related sialadenitis and Sjögren's syndrome were 18.0 (14.5-20.0) and 11.0 (7.0-14.0), and the scores of the total four glands were 26.0 (18.5-34.0) and 21.5 (15.0-26.3) respectively. It suggested that in the 0-16 system and the 0-48 system, scores of submandibular glands and the total of four glands of IgG4-related sialadenitis were higher than those of Sjögren's syndrome. Meanwhile, the association analysis of 0-48 system showed a positive correlation of SGUS scores with serum IgG4, which also showed a positive correlation of SGUS scores with serum IgE in 0-16 system.@*CONCLUSION@#Semi-quantitative ultrasonography scoring systems can evaluate and quantify the lesions of salivary glands, which can be helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IgG4-related sialadenitis combined with the clinical manifestations, serological indicators and/or histopathological manifestations. Ultrasonography can also assess the activity of IgG4-related sialadenitis preliminarily.

Microbial community diversity and its characteristics in Magnolia Officinalis Cortex "sweating" process based on high-throughput sequencing / 中国中药杂志

Magnolia Officinalis Cortex has been used as a traditional Chinese herb for thousands of years in China. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the processing of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex needs " sweating" or " Fahan",which was a special drying process and considered to be an important symbol for high quality and genuine medicinal materials. In this unique processing mode,Magnolia Officinalis Cortex's microbial community structure may be changed,but little is known about microbial diversity during the " sweating". In this study,to analyze the change and its change rules of microbial community of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex in the whole process of " sweating",and find out the microbial community that affects the quality of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex in the process of its " sweating",and provide a basis for further research on the microbial transformation of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex,MiSeq highthroughput sequencing was used to evaluate the microbial diversity of natural " sweating" of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex. In this research,334 genera fungi and 674 genera bacteria were identified. The dominant species weren' t obvious during the early stage of " sweating". Candida was the dominant fungal species( 45. 01%-71. 93%) during the medium " sweating" stage. Aspergillus is the dominant fungal species( 45. 83%-95. 51%) during the late stage of " sweating". Moreover,Enterobacter and Klebsiella were the primary bacterial genus( ≥56. 05%) during the middle and late stages of " sweating". In addition,the predominant bacteria in the process of " sweating" included Bacillus,Deinococcus,Sphingomonas,Hymenobacter and Jatrophihabitans. In conclusion,the microbial diversities and the main dominant fungi and bacteria in the process of " sweating" of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex were initially determined. It was also found that the metabolism of Aspergillus and Candida may be related to the character formation,which were sweet odor and brown inner surface after " sweating". The results provide a theoretical basis for the study of the influence of different microorganisms on the excellent traits formation of " sweating" Magnolia Officinalis Cortex.

Effect of Changji'an Prescription on Intestinal Permeability of IBS-D Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Changji'an prescription on intestinal permeability in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) rats and explore its mechanism for treatment of IBS-D. Method:Male SD neonatal rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal group, model group, pinaverium bromide group(0.018 g·kg-1), high-dose(33.48 g·kg-1) and low-dose (16.74 g·kg-1)Changji'an prescription groups. Except for the normal group, the IBS-D model was established by the combination of maternal and infant separation+acetic acid stimulation+restraint stress. After drug treatment, the ultrastructure of rat intestinal mucosa was observed by using transmission electron microscopy and the plasma D-lactate level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-1 were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression levels of Occludin,Claudin-1 and zonula occluden(ZO)-1 were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). Result:As compared with the normal group, the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were damaged in IBS-D model group, and the microvilli arrangement was sparse and tight junction was widened, and some were not obvious,and the plasma D-lactate level in IBS-D rats was increased significantly (PPD-lactate level in pinaverium bromide group and high-dose Changji'an prescription group was significantly decreased (PD-lactate level in the low-dose group Changji'an prescription group had a tendency to decrease with no statistical difference. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 and the mRNA expression of ZO-1 in the colon of rats in each administration group were higher than those in the model group (PConclusion:The therapeutic effect of Changji'an prescription on IBS-D may be achieved by improving the intestinal permeability.

Anti-tumor activity and mechanisms of isorhamnetin in combination with sorafenib for renal cancer / 药学学报

This study aimed to explore the anti-tumor activity and mechanisms of action of isorhamnetin, a compound isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, in combination with sorafenib for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The anti-tumor activity of isorhamnetin in combination with sorafenib was detected by MTT assay with cells in culture or Renca xenograft model in mice. Western blot was used to study the mechanisms of isorhamnetin in combination with sorafenib. Lymphocyte proliferation assay was also used to investigate the effects of the two drugs in combination. The results indicated that isorhamnetin inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells, with IC50 for A498, 786-O and Renca cell lines with being 31.7, 28.8 and 106.0 μmol·L-1, respectively. Isorhamnetin in combination with sorafenib improved the anti-lymphocyte proliferation activity of sorafenib with the IC50 down to 12.0 μmol·L-1. Isorhamnetin inhibited the growth of RCC in mice slightly with the inhibition efficiency at 26.9%. With 50.0 mg·kg-1 isorhamnetin in combination with 20.0 mg·kg-1 sorafenib, the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib was enhanced, with inhibition of growth rate increased to 60.7%. Meanwhile, isorhamnetin in combination with sorafenib could promote the lymphocytes proliferation in Renca xenograft model. Western blot results showed that combination of isorhamnetin and sorafenib could inhibit c-Raf/MEK/ERK and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. In conclusion, the combination of isorhamnetin with sorafenib could increase the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib in RCC in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of c-Raf/MEK/ERK and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Procedures for animal study were performed with approval of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.

Value of MYC, BCL-2 and BCL-6 for Evaluation of Prognosis in Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the prognostic value of BCL-2, BCL-6 and MYC in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).@*METHODS@#One hundred and sixty three cases of DLBCL in our hospital from March 2012 to March 2015 were selected. The specimens of lymphoma tissue of patients were collected. The expression of BCL-2, BCL-6 and MYC was detected by immunohistochemical method. The fusion of IGH/BCL-2, the gene breakage of BCL-6 and MYC were detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. The correlation of the expression levels of BCL-2, BCL-6 and MYC with the clinicopathological features and prognosis in the patients with DLBCL was further analyzed.@*RESULTS@#MYC, BCL-2 and BCL-6 showed pale brown or reddish brown positive signals, among them MYC mainly positively expressed on the cell membrane, and BCL-2 mainly expressed on the cytoplasm and local cell membrane, and BCL-6 mainly expressed in the nucleus. The expression level of BCL-2 in ECOG physical status score 2 was higher than that in patients with ＜2 scores, and the expression level of BCL-2 in CD5 and germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) was significantly higher than that in patients with non-GCB (P＜0.05), and the international prognostic index (IPI) for 3-5 scores at the MYC expression level was significantly higher than that of the 0-2 score (P＜0.05); the expression level of BCL-6 in immune subtype CD5 and GCB was significantly lower than that in non-GCB (P＜0.05). The results of Cox multivariate analysis showed that the expression level of BCL-2, BCL-6 and MYC significant correlate with the overall survival and progression-free survival (P＜0.05) of the patients with DLBCL.@*CONCLUSION@#BCL-2, BCL-6 and MYC as important molecular markers are of high value for evaluating the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Plasma miR-150,SCCA and CA125 in Patients with HPV Positive Cervical Cancer and CIN / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of plasma miR-150,squamous cell carcinoma anti gen (SCCA) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive cervical cancer patients.Methods RT PCR was detected in 108 cases of HPV patients with positive cervical cancer (cervical cancer group) and 40 cases of HPV positive CIN patients (CIN group) and 40 cases of HPV with positive/HPV positive uterine benign lesions (control group),plasma miR-150,SCCA and CA125 levels.Analyzed the relation between miR 150 expression and clinicopathological features of cervical cancer.ROC curve was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of miR-150,SCCA and CA125 in patients with HPV positive cervical cancer.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the rela tionship between three indicators and HPV positive cervical cancer.Results The levels of miR-150,SCCA and CA125 in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in the CIN group and the control group [miR-150(2-△△Ct):10.28 ±4.16 vs 4.72± 1.18 and 1.83±0.64.SCCA(ng/ml):9.86±2.14 vs 3.18±0.85 and 1.35±0.3t.CA125 (U/ml):46.26 ±11.58 vs 19.14±7.05 and 16.42±5.83,F=16.427,13.205,8.719,all P＜0.01].The expression of plasma miR 150 in HPV positive cervical cancer correlated with clinical stage,lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion (P＜0.05).The optimal cut-off values of plasma miR-150 for diagnosis of HPV positive cervical cancer and CIN were 8.25 and 3.46,and the sensitivity and specificity were 87.0 ％ and 84.3 ％,81.0 ％ and 80.2 ％,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated plasma miR 150 and SCCA levels were independent risk factors for HPV positive cervical cancer [OR(95 ％ CI)=2.107(1.915～2.814),OR(95％CI)=1.583(1.327～2.036)].Conclusion Plasma miR 150 was significantly up regulated in patients with HPV positive cervical cancer,which can be used as a biological marker for the early diagnosis of HPV positive cervical cancer and the differential diagnosis of CIN.