Methods used for gene manipulation in mammal female germ cells and early embryos / 生理学报

For sexual reproduction, oocytes are mammalian female germ cells that provide the majority of maternal genetic material for early stage embryo production and development. Early stage embryos begin the process of multicellular organism formation through cell differentiation. Studies on mammalian female germ cells (oocytes) not only reveal its unique physiological characteristics, but also help understand the mechanism involved in cell differentiation of other cell types. However, because it is difficult to culture in vitro, our understanding of the function of oocytes and early stage embryos remains very limited. Gene editing or manipulation is one of the most commonly used method, which is also useful in the field of gametes study. In this review, we summarized the principles, advantages and disadvantages of techniques, which include conditional knockout, RNA interference, Morpholino, Trim-Away and antibody-mediated inhibition of protein function, currently used for gene manipulation in oocytes and early stage embryos. We also discuss the issues the investigators need to consider. Finally, we highlight the future directions for gene manipulation or editing in female germ cells and early stage embryos.

The research of hemoglobin mass on athletic biological passport for blood doping detection / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To research the changes of blood parameters on different time points after micro-rHuEPO injection on young men and hope to provide evidences for Athletic Biological Passport (ABP) using in the detection of blood doping.@*METHODS@#Fourteen health young men were injected with micro-rHuEPO for 7 weeks, twice per one week.The subjects were treated with ferralia 105 mg every day during the injections.The control group was administrated with the same volume of saline solution injection and placebo 105 mg.The blood parameters (red blood cell, hemoglobin, reticulocyte, total hemoglobin, plasma volume, etc) were tested 11 times (7 days before the first injection, 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38 and 45 days after the first injection, 1, 2 and 3 weeks post the seventh week of last injection).By analyzed these total and concentration parameters, hope to know the effective of two kinds of parameters on ABP.@*RESULTS@#The levels of RBC and[Hb] were increased sharply after two weeks of injection and reached the peak in 5-6 weeks (9-10%, <0.01).It sustained till 3 weeks after the last injection.Total hemoglobin was increased significantly during the whole procedure of injections and reached the peak in week 5 (10%, <0.01) till 1 week after the last injection.Red blood cell volume was increased with the EPO injection and reached the peak in week 5 (<0.01), but blood volume wasn't increased significantly.Plasma volume was decreased with EPO injection and it was hemoconcentration.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It can enhance the total and concentration parameters through 7-week micro-rHuEPO injections and the total haemoglobin is more sensitive.So tHb can be used to detect blood doping in ABP.At the end of the last injection, the total blood parameters, such as the total hemoglobin, returned to normal, while the concentration index remained highly, possibly as a result of blood concentration.

Monitoring EGFR T790M mutations by Blocker PCR in plasma of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with EGFR-TKI acquired resistance / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of Blocker PCR assays in monitoring T790M mutations in plasma of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) acquired resistance.Methods Blocker PCR assays were employed to identify mutations in plasma for 127 advanced NSCLC with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance.In addition,the paired tumor re-biopsy or PE samples were obtained to analyze EGFR mutations.Meanwhile,we evaluated the detection accuracy of Blocker PCR assays in comparison with the next generation sequencing (NGS).Results Among the 127 patients,40.15％ (51/127) EGFR T790M was detected in the plasma,78.44％ (40/51) coexisted with an EGFR activating mutation.Additionally,54.54 ％ (6/11) EGFR T790M was identified in re-biopsy tissues,while 43.75 ％ (14/32) were detected in the plasma.Furthermore,the concordance rate of Blocker PCR and NGS in identifying EGFR sensitizing mutations and EGFR T790M mutations was 100％.Conclusions Blocker PCR is a highly sensitive and reliable method in monitoring EGFR T790M mutations in the plasma of NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKI acquired resistance.

Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy: superiorities and principles of application / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the superiorities of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy, discuss its law of clinical application and provide scientific decision-making for clinical treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Literatures on acupoint catgut-embedding therapy in the recent 40 years were selected, input, examined and verified, picked up and analyzed by establishing database with the modern computer technology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) One thousand and seventy-five literatures were input. It shows that the acupoint catgut-embedding therapy has an extensive application in all departments, especially in the internal department, accounting for 48.54% (50/103) of the total disease category. It has the most extensive application on treatment of epigastric pain, with the frequency of 102 times, and obesity of 74 times. The next is surgery, accounting for 14.56% (15/103). The major application is on low back pain and leg pain with the frequency of 79 times. Psoriasis, with the frequency of 30 times, holds the major application in dermatological department. And blepharoplasty, with the frequency of 30 times, gains the most application in department of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. (2) In the included literatures, selection of adjacent acupoints and distal acupoints are held as the major method of acupoint selection. The adjusted lumbar puncture needle is taken as the major tool for the acupoint catgut-embedding therapy. And catguts of different sizes are adopted for the operation. (3) Analysis of the therapeutic effect shows that acupoint catgut-embedding therapy has obvious effect in all departments, especially in surgery and dermatology, with the total effective rate over 90%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Epigastric pain, obesity, epilepsy, asthma, abdominal pain, facial paralysis and constipation of the internal medicine, low back pain and leg pain of the surgical department, psoriasis of the dermatological department and blepharoplasty of the department of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology are considered as the dominant diseases for acupoint catgut-embedding therapy.</p>

Applying the Bacterial Diversity Investigation on the Teaching Class / 微生物学通报

The aims of microbiology experiment teaching are not only to cultivate the students’ capacity of basic operation,but also to expanse their knowledge scope.We applied the bacterial diversity on the teach-ing class to make the students understand the progress of microorganism genomics research.It is helpful to cultivate the students’ innovative spirit and ability.Easy to work,clear result and low cost facilitated the spread of this experiment in the university.

Bacterial Community Structure in Four Different Rivers of Shanghai in Spring / 微生物学通报

In April of 2008 water samples were collected from four different rivers,which were Wuchao gang River,Henggang River,Chaoyang River and Caoyanghuanbang River.During the sampling the physi-cal and chemical parameters were measured.The abundance and the diversity of the bacteria of these four rivers were studied.The results showed that the population level increased in the more severely polluted river while the bacterial diversity decreased;the bacterial community structure was also affected by the dif-ferent ecological conditions of each sampling spot.The bacterial composition and abundance was closely related to the water quality in the river.

Polymorphism of Escherichia coli Isolated from the Fecal / 微生物学通报

In this study, three methods for identification of E.coli were compared. The conventional method was employed to select and identify the suspicious E.coli isolates from a fecal sample. PCR based ARDRA analysis was then carried out to distinguish these E.coli isolates, E.coli MG1655 and other bacterial species. All the potential E.coli isolates and E.coli MG1655 had the identical ARDRA banding pattern while the other bacterial species showed the different patterns.The result indicated that the ARDRA analysis was consistent with the traditional method for identification of E.coli and could be the practical method for distinguishing E.coli from other intestinal bacterial species. The ERIC-PCR analysis provided abundant polymorphism between different E.coli isolates, and might be a powerful approach for elucidating the genetic diversity among isolates of the same species.