Chemical Constituents of Agricultural Residues Producing from 4 Kinds of Gramineous Crops and Their Pharmacological Effects / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gramineous crops occupy a remarkable proportion of grain crops in the word,and wheat,rice and corn account for more than 80%of the world's food crops. Agricultural residues bring tremendous pressure on the environment,and inefficient development of resources has caused huge waste of resources. At present,the research on agricultural residues mainly focuses on energy,fertilizer,feed and materialization. However, there are still a lot of resources that have not been rationally utilized. The author has found that in recent years,the medicinal research on gramineous crop waste has focused on four varieties-rice,corn,wheat and sugar cane,and their waste rice bran,rice husk,rice straw,corn stigma,corn bract,wheat bran,sugar cane leaf,sugar cane skin. The compounds isolated and identified from agricultural residues include phenylpropanoids,flavonoids,steroids and their glycosides,organic acids and their esters,volatile oil and saccharides. Studies have shown that agricultural residues from gramineous crops have pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation,hypolipidemia,hypoglycemia,anti-inflammation,anti-tumor,anti-cardiovascular disease,anti-liver and kidney damage. This paper is a systematic review of the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of agricultural residues from the major gramineous crops,so as to provide useful information for further research and development of agricultural residues.

Research progress on marine Chinese materia medica with antiviral effect / 中草药

Viral diseases caused by virus infection have the characteristics of strong pathogenicity, high incidence of disease and easy to produce drug resistance. At present, chemical drugs are commonly used in clinical treatment to fight viral diseases, but the therapeutic effect of chemical drugs is not significant and most of them have toxic and side effects, which are easy to cause secondary injury to patients. The complexity of the active ingredients of Chinese materia medica makes it play an antiviral role at multiple levels and targets. Marine traditional medicine species are rich and diverse, it has been suggested that they have good antiviral effect and low side effects. The development and application of marine Chinese materia medica with anti-virus effect will attract more attention in the future, and has a broad market prospect. In this paper, 250 kinds of marine Chinese materia medica with antiviral effect recorded in the book "Marine traditional Chinese medicine" were reviewed, hoping to provide some reference for the basic and clinical research of marine Chinese materia medica with antiviral effect.

Current status and prospect of translational medicine in nanotechnology / 药学学报

Nowadays, nanotechnologies have shown wide application foreground in the biomedical field of medicine laboratory tests, drug delivery, gene therapy and bioremediation. However, in recent years, nanomaterials have been labeled poisonous, because of the disputes and misunderstandings of mainstream views on their safety. Besides, for the barriers of technical issues in preparation like: (1) low efficacy (poor PK & PD and low drug loading), (2) high cost (irreproducibility and difficulty in scale up), little of that research has been successfully translated into commercial products. Currently, along with the new theory of "physical damage is the origin of nanotoxicity", biodegradability and biocompatibility of nanomaterials are listed as the basic principle of safe application of nanomaterials. Combining scientific design based on molecular level with precision control of process engineering will provide a new strategy to overcome the core technical challenges. New turning point of translational medicine in nanotechnology may emerge.

A case of mimicking angioedema: chin silicone granulomatous reaction spreading all over the face after receiving liquid silicone injection forty years previously / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Liquid injectable silicone has been used for soft tissue augmentation for five decades. Many complications following liquid silicone injection have been reported. To diagnose and manage silicone granuloma remains difficult. Silicone granuloma must be diagnosed with the history of liquid silicone injection and the histology of tissue biopsy. We presented a case of granulomatous reaction after the injection of liquid silicone for chin augmentation forty years ago, causing total facial swelling, which mimicking angioedema initially. We administered methylprednisolone to the patient. Initial response to methylprednisolone was favorable.

Development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for detecting Bartonella henselae / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Bartonella henselae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the 16S-23S rRNA intervening sequences (IVS) specific for B. henselae, one pair of primers and one TaqMan-MGB probe were designed. A quantitative real-time PCR was developed with the primers, the probe, and the IVS, a standard template, in DNA sequence detection system (ABI 7900HT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standard curve was established with the standard template and the relationship between the value of threshold cycle (Ct) and the DNA copy number was linear (r = 0.997). The sensitivity of this quantitative real-time PCR was about 1000 times higher than that of a common PCR used to detect homologous DNA. By this quantitative real-time PCR, the DNA sample of B. henselae was positively detected but not from other rickettsial or bacterial DNA samples. The variation coefficients of intra- and inter-assay reproducibility were 0.2%-1.9%. Using the real-time quantitative PCR to detect samples from mice that were experimentally infected with B. henselae, the small amount of B. henselae DNA was detected in blood samples on days 2, 3, and 5 and large amount of B. henselae DNA was detected in spleen samples on days 1 and 2 after infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results from our study suggested that this quantitative real-time PCR was highly specific, sensitive and with good repeatability for detection of B. henselae. It seemed quite useful for rapid detection of tiny DNA of B. henselae in various samples and laboratory diagnosis of bartonellosis caused by B. henselae.</p>

Detection of Rickettsia prowazekii by quantitative real-time PCR / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Rickettsia prowazekii.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primers and TaqMan-MGB probes designed based on ompB gene of R. prowazekii, were used to develop this method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the quantitative real-time PCR, the relationship between the values of threshold cycle (Ct) and the DNA copy number was linear (r = 0.999) and the sensitivity was about 100 times higher than that of the nested PCR for detecting the same DNA sample. The results of the genomic DNA samples of other rickettsial and bacterial agents detected by real-time PCR were all negative. DNAs extracted from blood samples of guinea pig infected with R. prowazekii were examined by real-time PCR and the positive results were obtained from some of these samples. However, the results of some samples in nested PCR assay were all negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggested that the real-time PCR was highly specific and sensitive for detection of R. prowazekii that was useful for the detection of tiny DNA of R. prowazekii in blood samples from patients suspected of having epidemic typhus.</p>

Study on the development of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Rickettsia / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay for detecting Rickettsia rickettsii.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primers and TaqMan-MGB probe were designed according to the ompB gene of R. rickettsii. A DNA fragment of ompB gene amplified from R. rickettsii by PCR was used as a standard template for the development of the method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>5 copies of ompB fragments of R. rickettsii were detected. The genomic DNA of R. rickettsii was detected by the developed quantitative PCR assay. However, the genomic DNA from another rickettsial or bacterial agent was not determined. Through this developed method, the positive results were obtained from the animals and cells, artificially infected with R. rickettsii.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The real-time quantitative PCR assay seemed to be highly sensitive and specific which might be used to rapidly detect R. rickettsia DNA in various samples and to early diagnose patients infected by R. rickettsii.</p>

Development of a new sampling medium for bioaerosols / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a new sampling medium for detecting of bioaerosols.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The sampling media were tested by using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marcescens under static and active conditions, preliminary applications were performed using AGI-10 and high volume sampler.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average recovery rates were raised to 24.7%, 58.2%, 40.5%, 44.1%, 20.5%, and 15.4%, respectively in six consecutive experiments under static condition for 60 min at room temperature. Four kinds of sampling media were singled out after static experiments, which were referred to as "samplutions" PD1, PX2, TD1, and TX2, respectively. Under the active condition, the protective efficacy of PD1, PX2, TD1, and TX2 was 226% (153/47), 553% (111/17), 150% (120/48), and 268% (419/114), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The samplutions have some effects on the subsequent nucleic acid detection, which could be avoided by employing standard nucleic acid extraction procedure. The newly developed samplution can be applied to the detection of bioaerosols.</p>

Cloning and expression of the Apx IVA gene of Actionbacillus pleuroneumoniae and development of an indirect ApxIVA-ELISA / 生物工程学报

Apx IV, a forth RTX toxin indentified in Actionbacillus pleuropneumoniae recently, is expressed by all A. pleuropneumoniae regardless the serotypes and inducible only in vivo toxin, so it is the optimal to develop species-specific and differentiated diagnostic assay. Here the 2445bp DNA fragment of apxIVA gene of A. pleuroneumoniae was amplified and fused in-frame to the downstream of the T7 promoter and 6 His Tag of the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28b. The construct was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). After induction by 1.0 mol/L IPTG, a recombinant protein about 90 kD in size, designed as ApxIVAN, was detected, which was present as inclusion bodies and reacted specifically with swine antisera to the APP-serotype-1 by dot-blot. An indirect ELISA (ApxIVA-ELISA) was developed using purified recombinant ApxIVAN from the inclusion bodies as described previously, which had excellent specificity to A. pleuroneunoniae. Using the ApxIVA-ELISA, the ApxIV antibodies were not detected in the inactivated APP bacterins vaccinated pigs, but were detected in A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1, 2 and 7 infected pigs and mice. These results suggested that ApxIVA-ELISA can be used not only to detect all serotypes of APP, but also to differentiate the naturally infected and inactivated vaccine immunized pigs.

Food-grade gene expression systems for lactic acid bacteria / 生物工程学报

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important industrial microorganism used in the production and preservation of food-stuffs. Recently, considerable advances have been made in the genetics and molecular biology of LAB. These have resulted in the construction of food-grade gene expression systems for these bacteria. This paper aims to review the essential features for food-grade systems, food-grade selection markers, food-grade controlled gene expression and food-grade inducible signaling molecule, and recent developments on food-grade cloning and expression systems for LAB. These gene expression systems have great potential for studies on gene expression and regulation in LAB and a variety of bioprocessing application in industrial fermentations.