ABSTRACT
Intestinal Peyer's patches （PPs） are local immune tissues of the intestine， which are considered to be the main induction site of the intestinal mucosal immune response， and closely related to immune-related refractory enteropathies， such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In recent years， more and more scholars have tried to find a new breakthrough for treating refractory enteropathies with a limited efficacy of clinical interventions through in-depth study of the relationship between PPs and enteropathy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） polysaccharides are considered to be a key component for immune regulation with TCM. Modern studies show that TCM polysaccharides have a significant positive intervention effect on the structure and function of PPs， with good development prospects. Based on this， this paper focuses on PPs and intestinal-related diseases， and systematically introduces the physiological structure of PPs and their drug delivery mechanism， and summarizes the interactions of PPs with effect on immune-related enteropathies， analyze of current studies and prospects of effect of TCM polysaccharides in intervening intestinal disease and its dysfunction by regulating PPs， with the aim to provide new strategies for basic studies and clinical treatment of immune-related refractory enteropathies from the perspective of PPs， and new ideas for basic studies and clinical studies on effect of TCM polysaccharides in intervening enteropathies.
ABSTRACT
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was first recorded in Shennong Ben Cao Jing, with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Autoimmune disease is a kind of disease that damages the tissue structure and function of immune cells and their components due to the impairment of immune tolerance function, including atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, ulcerative colitis, type 1 diabetes and IgA nephropathy. In recent years, clinical and experimental studies show that Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has potential therapeutic effects on autoimmune diseases. Under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper reviews therapeutic and intervening effects of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its main active ingredient anthraquinone on autoimmune diseases. It also puts forward new study directions in view of the existing problems in studies of rhubarb and its anthraquinone, with the aim to provide reference for clinical treatment and scientific studies of effect of Rhei Radix et Rhizomaon autoimmune diseases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anthraquinones , Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Rheum , RhizomeABSTRACT
Objective::To study the chemical constituents in Baihe Dihuangtang by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Method::The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm) by a gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.1%formic acid solution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min-1 and the column temperature was 30 ℃, the injection volume was 5 μL. Electrospray ionization was applied and the data were collected via positive and negative ion modes. By using SCIEX OS 1.4 software, the chemical constituents were analyzed based on the retention time, excimer ion peak and fragment ion peak of the compounds, as well as comparison with reference substances and literature data. Result::A total of 49 chemical constituents in Baihe Dihuangtang were identified, including 5 phenolic glycerides, 15 phenylethanoid glycosides, 11 iridoids, 8 lonones, 3 phenylpropanoids, 2 nucleosides, 1 organic acid, and 4 other compounds. Among them, phenolic glycerides belonged to Lilii Bulbus, and other components mainly belonged to Rehmanniae Radix. Four chemical constituents (acteoside, isoacteoside, ferulic acid and caffeic acid) were identified by comparison of reference substances. Conclusion::The established detection method can quickly and accurately analyze the chemical constituents of Baihe Dihuangtang. The information of chemical constituents in Baihe Dihuangtang is comprehensively expounded. The study establishes a foundation for the research of quality control, material foundation of efficacy and the development of compound preparations of Baihe Dihuangtang.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint test method for the medicinal materials, decoction pieces and substance benchmarks of Shaoyao Gancaotang for investigating the quality transmitting of substance group in preparation process of the medicinal materials-decoction pieces-substance benchmarks, then to evaluate the scientificity and rationality of preparation process of substance benchmarks of Shaoyao Gancaotang by combining with yields of dry extract, transfer rates of effective components and other indexes. Method:Substance benchmarks of Shaoyao Gancaotang was prepared according to the method recorded in ancient medical books, fingerprints of 15 batches of medicinal materials, decoction pieces and substance benchmarks were detected by HPLC, and the contents of effective ingredients were determined. At the same time, the correlation analysis of quality transmitting of substance group during the preparation of substance benchmarks was carried out by combining the yields of dry extract and transfer rates of effective components. Result:The established HPLC fingerprint method has good precision, repeatability and stability, it can be used for the simultaneous determination of fingerprint of medicinal materials, decoction pieces and substance benchmarks. In the fingerprint of substance benchmarks, 16 common peaks were determined by taking liquiritin as the reference peak, of which 6 chromatographic peaks belong to Paeoniae Radix Alba and 11 chromatographic peaks belong to Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 7 major chromatographic peaks were identified. The similarities of fingerprints of 15 batches of medicinal materials, decoction pieces and substance benchmarks of Shaoyao Gancaotang were good by comparing with their respective reference fingerprints(≥ 0.90), the average dry extract rate of 15 batches of substance benchmarks was 24.81%, and no discrete data were found; the average transfer rates of paeoniflorin, liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid from decoction pieces to substance benchmarks were 79.68%, 63.70% and 51.20%, respectively, and no discrete data were found. Conclusion:In this paper, a scientific and reasonable method for evaluating the process of substance benchmarks of Shaoyao Gancaotang is established by means of the fingerprint method controlled by the whole substance group, the research idea of quality transmitting of substance group in the preparation process, and the evaluation of technical and economic indicators. It can be used as a reference for the evaluation and research of material benchmarks in other famous classical formulas.