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Objective:To detect the abnormal changes of myocardial blood perfusion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) combined with adenosine stress test.Methods:Fifteen adult patients with HCM who were treated in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from May 2021 to March 2022 were prospectively selected as the HCM group, and eighteen healthy volunteers matched by gender, age and body surface area during the same period were chosen as the control group. All subjects underwent routine echocardiography, rest and adenosine stress MCE. The MCE images were analyzed by QLab software to obtain the myocardial perfusion parameters: peak signal intensity (A value), rising slope of the curve (β value) and A×β value, and the differences of above parameters between the two groups were compared.According to whether the end-diastolic wall thickness ≥12 mm, the myocardial segments in the HCM group were divided into hypertrophic segments and non-hypertrophic segments. The differences in myocardial perfusion parameters were compared among control group segments, hypertrophic segments and non-hypertrophic segments of the HCM group. The correlations of stress myocardial blood flow with maximal left ventricular wall thickness (MLVWT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left atrial volume index (LAVI) in the HCM group were analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group, the A value, β value and A×β value of whole myocardium, hypertrophic segments and non-hypertrophic segments in the HCM group were significantly decreased in the rest and adenosine stress state, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In the stress state, the A value, β value and A×β value of the hypertrophic segments were significantly lower than those in the non-hypertrophic segments in the HCM group, and the detection rate of abnormal perfusion segments in the HCM group was significantly higher than that in the rest state(all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the myocardial blood flow reserve of whole myocardium, hypertrophic segments and non-hypertrophic segments in the HCM group were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The stress myocardial blood flow in the HCM group was negatively correlated with MLVWT, LVMI and LAVI ( r=-0.815, -0.805, -0.742; all P<0.05). Conclusions:Myocardial blood perfusion abnormalities can occur in both hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic myocardial segments in patients with HCM, and adenosine stress MCE can significantly improve the sensitivity of detecting myocardial perfusion abnormalities. The stress myocardial blood flow in patients with HCM is negatively correlated with MLVWT, LVMI and LAVI.
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Objective:To detect the abnormal changes of myocardial blood perfusion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) combined with exercise stress test.Methods:Twenty-seven patients with clinically diagnozed of asymmetric HCM in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from May 2020 to April 2021 were selected as the HCM group, and 29 healthy subjects during the same period were selected as the control group. All patients underwent routine echocardiography, resting and exercise stress MCE. The myocardial perfusion parameters of each segment of interventricular septum in the 2 groups were quantitatively analyzed: the peak plateau intensity (A value), ascending slope of the curve(β value) and value of A×β. According to the end-diastolic myocardial thickness, the interventricular septum of the HCM group was divided into hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic segments, and the myocardial contrast parameters of the interventricular septum of the study group were compared with those of the control group. The myocardial blood flow reserve value of the two groups were calculated, and the correlation of myocardial blood flow reserve value with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular remodeling index (LVRI) were analyzed.Results:No matter at rest or under stress, the A value, β value and A×β value of ventricular septal hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic segments in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Under stress, the A value, β value and A×β value of interventricular septal hypertrophic segments were lower than those in non-hypertrophic segments in the HCM group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The myocardial blood flow reserve in the HCM group was negatively correlated with LVMI and LVRI( r=-0.899, -0.676; all P<0.001). Conclusions:In patients with HCM under resting and exercise stress, microcirculation disorders were found in both hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic segments of the ventricular wall, and the myocardial blood flow reserve was negatively correlated with LVMI and LVRI.
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Objective@#To determine interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17 level in latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) patients, and to explore the relationship of IL-23, IL-17and β-cell function in these patients.@*Methods@#Forty LADA patients from 2011 to 2016 in our hospital were selected as LADA group, and forty participants were as normal control group. Clinical and biochemical data was collected and the level of the IL-23 and IL-17 was measured with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The differences in interleukin levels among the two groups were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used for investigating the relationship between the dependent of statistical significant interleukins and the independent data in the LADA patients, all closely related variables then were included in a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.@*Results@#The levels of serum IL-23 , IL-17 and IL-23/IL-17 were significantly higher in LADA group than those in control groups [3.54(2.88~5.24)μg/L vs 1.98(1.62~2.18)μg/L, P<0.05], [22.42(17.71~26.07)ng/L vs 17.97(17.15~20.70)ng/L, P<0.05], (175.79±38.67 vs 105.22±19.08, P<0.01). IL-23 and IL-17 in the LADA group were negatively correlated with fasting C peptide (FCP) (r=-0.42, r=-0.48, P<0.05), and the ratio of IL-23/IL-17 was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r=0.44, P=0.00). Stepwise multiple liner regression analysis showed that serum IL-23 and IL-17 level were independently associated with the FCP in LADA group.@*Conclusions@#IL-23 and IL-17 were possibly important proinflammatory factor in LADA patients, and can provide the new immunodiagnosis markers for LADA.
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Objective To determine interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17 level in latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) patients,and to explore the relationship of IL-23,IL-17and β-cell function in these patients.Methods Forty LADA patients from 2011 to 2016 in our hospital were selected as LADA group,and forty participants were as normal control group.Clinical and biochemical data was collected and the level of the IL-23 and IL-17 was measured with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The differences in interleukin levels among the two groups were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used for investigating the relationship between the dependent of statistical significant interleukins and the independent data in the LADA patients,all closely related variables then were included in a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.Results The levels of serum IL-23,IL-17 and IL-23/IL-17 were significantly higher in LADA group than those in control groups [3.54 (2.88 ～ 5.24) μg/L vs 1.98 (1.62 ～ 2.18) μg/L,P ＜0.05],[22.42 (17.71 ～ 26.07) ng/L vs 17.97 (17.15 ～ 20.70) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05],(175.79 ± 38.67 vs 105.22 ± 19.08,P ＜0.01).IL-23 and IL-17 in the LADA group were negatively correlated with fasting C peptide (FCP) (r =-0.42,r =-0.48,P ＜ 0.05),and the ratio of IL-23/IL-17 was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r =0.44,P =0.00).Stepwise multiple liner regression analysis showed that serum IL-23 and IL-17 level were independently associated with the FCP in LADA group.Conclusions IL-23 and IL-17 were possibly important proinflammatory factor in LADA patients,and can provide the new immunodiagnosis markers for LADA.
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Objective To investigate changes in intestinal bacteria in chronic renal failure (CRF),their diagnostic value for CRF,and correlations between specific bacterial genera and renal function.Methods Fecal specimens were collected from 56 patients with CRF and 38 healthy controls in the Nephrology Department and Medical Examination Center of Shanxi People's Hospital between August 2017 and January 2018.High-throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions was performed for intestinal bacteria.Intestinal bacteria in CRF patients and healthy subjects were analyzed for alpha,beta diversity,species composition analysis,and differential species analysis.The diagnostic value of the presence of specific intestinal bacteria for CRF was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the presence of specific genera and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Results The alpha and beta diversity in the CRF group was different from that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).At the phylum level,Verrucomicrobia were significantly less abundant in the CRF group than that in the control group (0.70％ vs 3.09％,P ＜ 0.001).The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly greater in the CRF group than that in the control group (1.48％ vs 1.14％,P=0.036).At the genus level,the abundance of Akkermansia (0.96％ vs 3.90％),Parasutterella (0.47％ vs 0.93％),and Lactobacillus (0.07％ vs 0.48％) in the CRF group was significantly less than those in the control group (all P ＜ 0.01).The abundance of Alloprevotella (0.41％ vs 0.04％) and Clostridium Ⅳ (0.6％ vs 0.1％) was significantly greater than those in the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The diagnostic value of CRF for the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for Akkermansia was 0.753,and that for Lactobacillus diagnostic value of CRF was 0.792.The combined AUC diagnostic value of CRF for detection of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus was 0.830,with high disease prediction value.Lactobacillus abundance was positively correlated with eGFR (R=0.29,P=0.029).Conclusions The diversity and structure of intestinal bacteria are altered in patients with CRF.The abundance of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus has diagnostic value for CRF.The abundance of Lactobacillus is positively correlated with eGFR.
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Objective By comparing the tone recognition rates for different cochlear implant (CI) analog sounds ,the effects of the temporal coding strategy on tone recognition were investigated .Methods The professional announcer read 6 vowel (/a/,/o/,/e/,/i/,/u/,/ü/) of 4 different tones at a normal speed .After adjusting the am-plitude envelope and increasing the fine structure ,the audios with different sampling accuracy below 500 Hz(125 ,250? ?1500 pps) were obtained ,including 288 audio amplitude envelope adjusted and 288 not adjusted .Thirty young participants of normal hearing had tone recognition tests .The results and the tone recognition rates under two dif-ferent temporal properties were compared .Results When the temporal fine structures were combined in considera-tion ,the amplitude envelope as adjusted to match the fundamental frequency (F0) had a significant effect on the tone recognition .The tone recognition rate after amplitude envelope adjusted (80 .22％ ± 16 .32％ ) was higher than before (74 .83％ ± 20 .24％ ) [F(1 ,9)=16 .91 ,P=0 .002] .When the amplitude envelopes were combined in consider-ation ,changing the fine structure of the frequency below 500 Hz had a significant effect on the tone recognition [F (11 ,99)=38 .86 ,P<0 .001] .When the sampling precision was <375 pps ,the tone recognition had improved re-markably with the improvement of sampling precision (P<0 .004) .When the sampling precision was ≥375 pps , the effect on the tone recognition was not significant (P>0 .004) .The interaction between changing amplitude en-velopes and increasing the fine structure had a significant effect on the tone recognition [ F(11 ,99 )= 3 .78 , P<0 .001] .When the fine structure ≤375 pps ,adjustment on the amplitude envelope to increase the information of F0 had a significant impact on the tone recognition (P<0 .05) .When the fine structure was >375 pps ,the difference of the tone recognition before and after the adjustment tended to 0 (P>0 .05) .Conclusion In the CI coding strate-gy ,adjusting the amplitude envelope to get more F0 information improves tone recognition .To a certain degree ,the tone recognition improves when the sampling precision of frequency below 500 Hz is improved .Adjusting the ampli-tude envelope to F0 and increasing the temporal fine structure below 500 Hz can be combined in the same speech coding strategy to optimize the tone recognition .
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Objective To investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 ( BMP7 ) on insulin signaling transduction in C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes, and the underlying mechanisms were studied preliminarily.Methods The C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 cells were treated with BMP7 at different concentrations.The insulin signal transduction was analyzed by Western blot.Meanwhile, total RNA was extracted and quantitative PCR was employed for detecting the effects of BMP7 on gene expressions of effectors involved in insulin signal pathway.Furthermore, JNK signal pathway was also measured.Results The protein levels of p-IR, p-Akt and p-GSK3β, as well as glucose uptake, were significantly stimulated by insulin in the C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 cells.However, these stimulations induced by insulin were largely attenuated by BMP7.The mRNA levels of Akt1, Igf1r, Insr, and Irs1 were not altered by the treatment of BMP7.The JNK signal pathway was activated by a 5-min exposure of BMP7 in the HepG2 cells, and this activation was gradually reduced along with the treating time.Conclusion BMP7 attenuates the insulin signal transduction in the HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes, and this attenuation effect may be through JNK activation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an animal model of sulfur mustard (SM)-induced acute lung injury in rats through different routes and compare the morphological changes in lung tissue and cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-six male rats were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, namely peritoneal cavity SM group (n=32), trachea SM group (n=32), peritoneal cavity propylene glycol group (n=32), trachea propylene glycol group (n=32), and normal control group (n=8). The rats in peritoneal cavity SM group were injected intraperitoneally with diluted SM (0.1 ml, 8 mg/kg), and the rats in trachea SM group were injected intratracheally with diluted SM (0.1 ml, 2 mg/kg). Once the rats were sacrificed at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after SM treatment, morphological changes in lung tissue and cells were observed by light and electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the peritoneal cavity SM group, the epithelial cells of bronchioles maintained intact with increased exudate and bleeding in alveolar cavity and large areas of pulmonary consolidation under the light microscope. In the tracheal SM group, focal ulcer formed in the epithelial cells of bronchioles with increased exudate and bleeding in alveolar cavity, partial pulmonary consolidation, and compensatory emphysema in peripheral alveolar space under the light microscope. The alveolar interval areas were widened obviously in both groups in a time-dependent manner. Under the electron microscope, we observed local loss of cellular membrane in type I alveolar epithelium, broken or lost microvilli in cells of typeⅡalveolar epithelium and fuzzy mitochondrial crista as well as the appearance of ribosome detached from rough endoplasmic reticulum in both two groups. Compared with those in the trachea SM group and the control group, the ratio of the alveolar septum average area to the visual field area in the peritoneal cavity SM group at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h was significantly higher (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lung tissue injury through the intraperitoneal route is more severe than that through the tracheal route, while focal ulceration of bronchioles epithelial cells appears in the case of tracheal route. The degree of injury increases over time in both groups, and the cellular damage is approximately the same in both groups.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Acute Lung Injury , Pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Lung , Pathology , Mustard Gas , Toxicity , Peritoneum , Pulmonary Alveoli , Pathology , TracheaABSTRACT
Objective To examine the effects of different compositions of metabolic syndrome [Overweight and (or) obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia] on chronic kidney disease. Methods A total of 1552 health data were collected from the survey of chronic kidney diseases among Uygur adults in Moyu country in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the relationship between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease was analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 software package. Results Before and after adjusting of age and gender, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 14.18% and 14.45% (95% CI 14.30%?14.60%). The prevalence of albuminuria (7.27% vs 3.83%, χ2=5.42, P=0.02), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (9.55% vs 3.45%, χ2=16.96, P=0.00) and chronic kidney disease(13.64% vs 6.76%, χ2=12.52, P =0.00) increased in residents diagnosed as metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease increased with the increasing number of metabolic syndrome elements. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is associated with the accumulation of metabolic syndrome compositions. Early intervention on metabolic risk factors may reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the changes of left ventricle and age,duration,blood-pressure,hemoglobin,serum creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in lupus nephritis (LN) patients.Methods One hundred and thirty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were divided into LN group and non-LN group,the clinical data were analyzed with t test,x2 test,Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.Results Compared with non-LN patients (4/67,6％ ),the incidence of concentric hypertrophy was significantly increased in LN patients ( 14/65,22％ ) (x2=6.790,P＜0.05 ).Left ventricular end systolic internal dimension (LVESd) was correlated positively with blood uric acid (BUA) level (B=0.014,P＜0.01 ).Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was correlated positively with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (B=2.977,P＜0.01 ).lnter-ventricular septal thickness (IVST) was correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (B=0.022,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion Compared with non-LN patients,the incidence of concentric hypertrophy is significantly increased in LN patients.It may be one of the mechanisms that SLE could involve kidney,which consequently lead to hypertension,higher BUN and BUA level,which may further aggravate heart damage in turn.
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Objective To investigate the relevance of the clinical score and pathology score and assess two scoring system including the British Islet Lupus Assessment Group2004 (BILAG2004) and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEI)AI2000) by analyzing the biopsy results and related laboratory tests on lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Retrospective analyzed 59 cases of patients with renal biopsy. All biopsied tissues were scored based on the to ISN/RPS2003 lupus nephritis pathological typing standards. Meanwhile, respective index (AI), chronic Index (CI) and tubulointerstitial lesions (TIL) score were used to evaluate the activities of lupus nephritis and SLEDAI2000 and BILAG2004 were used to evaluate the clinical disease activity. The adssociation between pathological changes and disease activities was assessed. Results ①According to ISN/RPS2003 pathological type standard, among these 59 patients, type Ⅳ was the most common type,which accounted for 44.07 percent of all biopsied tissues. ② For those patients. With LN typeⅡ,Ⅲ Ⅳ, their SLEDAI2000 score and BILAG2004 renal biopsy AI was positively correlated (0<r<1, P <0.01), for those patients with LN type Ⅴ, their score BILAG2004 and kidney biopsy AI was positively correlated (0<r<1, P<0.05).③BILAG2004 score had stronger correlation with AI than SLEDAI2000. ④SLEDAI2000 score with AI in patients with type Ⅲ LN had the strongest association, followed by type Ⅱ. BILAG2004 score with AI in patients with type Ⅲ LN had the closet association, followed by type Ⅳ. ⑤ BII,AG2004 score, SLEDAI2000 score and CI, TIL had no significant association in all patients groups (P>0.05). Conclusion BILAG2004 score and SLEDAI2000 scoring system can be used to assess the disease pathology activity of patients with lupus nephritis. The study has found that BILAG2004 scoring system is superior to SLEDAI2000 score system for the assessment of LN patients on pathological activities, especially for with severe LN patients. As a non-invasive method of assessment, BILAG2004 score system is better than SLEDAI2000 score system in guiding clinical treatment.