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Objective To observe the changes of abdominal oxygen saturation in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI)with feeding intolerance (FI)within 1 4 days after birth monitored by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Methods VLBWI fitting entry criteria were enrolled into this study.NIRS monitoring was carried out to detect cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2 )and abdominal oxygen saturation (SsO2 ).Data were analyzed between FI infants and feeding tolerance (FT)infants.FI was defined as follows:gastric residual of more than 50% of the previous feeding volume;emesis or abdominal distention or both;decrease,delay or discontinuation of enteral feedings. Results 93 VLBWI were enrolled.52 cases(55.91 %)presented with FI,including 29 cases(31 .1 9%)of gastric residual increasing and 23 cases(24.73%)of emesis with or without abdominal distention within 1 4 days after birth. The levels of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 showed no differences in infants with FT and with FI within 24h after birth (P >0.05).The change rates of the median of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 in FT infants were similar during 1 4 days (P >0.05).While both the change rates of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 were markedly decreased 1 day before and the day of FI (P <0.01 ).The decreasing degree of SsO2 was similar between infants with gastric residual increasing and infants with emesis with or without abdominal distention[(1 6.2 ±5.1 )vs (1 7.4 ±3.6)%,t =0.733,P =0.476]. Conclusion Abdominal oxygen saturation measured by NIRS may be a useful method for infants adjusting the feeding plan.
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Objective To investigate effects of different ventilation methods during pulmonary surfactant(PS) administration on cerebral oxygen metabolism in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.Methods Newborns met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into this study,and they were randomly divided into manual group and mechanical group.During PS administration,the proximal end of the tracheal tube was connected to a bag valve mask device in the manual group or a mechanical ventilator in the mechanical group.Brain near infrared spectroscopy monitoring was carried out to detect the cerebral oxygen saturation(ScO2),and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was simultaneously recorded.Results For all 49 preterm infants,PS was administered to preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome treated with mechanical ventilation,including 24 cases of manual ventilation and 25 cases of mechanical ventilation.The left cerebral ScO2 and correlation coefficient of ScO2 and MABP(rScO2-MABP) showed no difference in both groups before PS administration.During administration,ScO2 dramatically increased in both groups [manual group:(85.88 ± 5.54) ％ vs.(77.31 ± 5.40) ％,t =5.521,P =0.000;mechanical group:(83.88 ± 3.18) ％ vs.(76.53 ±4.38)％,t =6.741,P =0.000],and gradually decreased after administration,the level of ScO2 didn't return to the baseline till the 2nd 5 minutes after PS administration [manual group:(79.25 ± 3.02) ％ vs.(77.31 ± 5.40) ％,t =1.560,P =0.220;mechanical group:(78.59 ± 3.45) ％ vs.(76.53 ± 4.38) ％,t =1.832,P =0.074].The same trend of ScO2 change rate was shown simultaneously in both groups.The rScO2-MABP markedly increased during administration in both groups (manual group:2.34 ±0.16 vs.1.86 ±0.21,t =9.022,P =0.000;mechanical group:2.12 ± 0.15 vs.1.87 ±0.21,t =4.810,P =0.000).The rScO2-MABt,in mechanical group rapidly decreased to baseline during the 1st5 minutes (1.84 ± 0.18 vs.1.87 ± 0.21,t =0.538,P =0.635) but went back to baseline in manual group during the 2nd 5 minutes(1.84 ±0.19 vs.1.86-0.21,t =0.350,P =0.809).Change rates of rScO2-MABP were markedly higher in manual group than those in mechanical group during the 1 st 5 minutes (1.15 ± 0.13 vs.1.00 ± 0.15,t =4.943,P =0.000).Conclusions ScO2 could be affected transiently by PS administration with different methods of ventilation.The effect on cerebral autoregulation in mechanical group is shorter than that in manual group.
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Objective To explore the clinical significance of a series of cytokines and peripheral blood immunocyte subsets before and after immunosuppressive therapy in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).Methods The percentages of immunocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 20 patients with ITP and 20 healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry,including CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,CD1~.ELISA was applied to detect the level of serum TNFα,IL-2,IL-6,IL-4,IL-10,IL-11,IL-17,IL-27,transforming growth factor β (TGFβ),thrombopoietin (TPO) of 20 patients with ITP and 20 healthy controls.Results The percentage of CD3+ T lymphocyte,CD4+ T lymphocyte and the ratio of CD4+ / CD8+ T lymphocyte in patients with ITP were lower than those in healthy controls [(62.66 ± 6.58) ％ vs (69.93 ± 4.81) ％,(29.46 ± 5.02) ％ vs (39.08 ± 3.50) ％,0.97 ± 0.35 vs 1.56 ± 0.26,all P ＜ 0.05].After immunosuppressive therapy,the percentage of CD3+ T lymphocyte,CD4+ T lymphocyte and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte [(71.49 ±5.16)％,(39.25 ±3.21)％ and 1.56 ±0.28] recovered to the same levels in healthy controls.The percentage of CD8+ T lymphocyte and CD19+ B lymphocyte in patients with ITP were higher than those in the healthy controls [(30.28 ±4.63)％ vs (25.90±3.06)％,(18.92 ± 4.27)％ vs (13.17 ± 3.64)％,all P ＜ 0.05].After treatment of immunosuppressive therapy,the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocyte and CD19+ B lymphocyte [(25.16 ± 3.45) ％ and (11.98 ± 3.68) ％] recovered to the similar levels in healthy controls.The serum levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-11,IL-17 and TPO in patients with ITP were significantly higher than those in healthy controls.While TGFβ level was significantly decreased.There was no significant difference of IL-27 between ITP patients and healthy controls.After the treatment of immunosuppressive therapy,IL-4,IL-6,IL-11,IL-17,TPO and TGFβ were down-regulated while IL-27 was up-regulated.There was no significant difference of IFNγ,TNFα,IL-2 and IL-10 among ITP patients before or after immunosuppressive therapy and healthy controls.Conclusions The present study suggests that the aberrant immunocyte subsets and cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.Hyper-function of Th2 and Th17,dysfunction of Treg cells,up-regulation of IL-27,IL-11,TPO and other factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Objective To investigate the epididymal sperm ultrastructure after vasectomy. Methods During the operation of vasovasostomy (38 cases, test group) and vasectomy (13 cases,control group,group A) the proximal vas deferens fluids were collected.The epididymal sperm morphology in the proximal vas deferens fluids was observed using optical and electronic microscopes.Data were analyzed by SPSS program. Results The data from group A showed that there was no significant difference between left and right side in the percentage of normal sperm morphology.The results from both optical and electronic microscopes showed that there was a significant difference in the percentage of normal sperm morphology (a),abnormal sperm head (b),sperm with neck defect (c) and sperm with tail defect (d) between group A and group B(5 years after vasectomy). (electronic microscopes:(a):(40.28?11.53)% vs (16.80?7.93)%,(6.29? 4.57 )%,( 4.63? 5.06 )%; (b):(35.00?14.18)% vs (59.05?14.44)%,(63.43?15.23)%,(82.05? 16.71 )%;(c):(20.83? 6.40 )% vs (13.60?6.78)%,( 14.71? 6.82)%,(9.00?7.18)%;(d):(3.89?4.44)% vs (10.55?11.73)%,(15.57?9.81)%,(4.32?7.65)%. optical microscopes:(a):(49.12?20.55)% vs (19.95?15.42)%,(10.00?9.50)%,(5.84?9.63)%; (b):(35.00?14.55)% vs (22.55?16.24)%,(14.71?15.78)%,(10.68?18.65)%; (d):(15.80?9.55)% vs (57.50?24.74)%,(75.29?23.90)%,(78.21?30.33)%.There existed multi-cell organ and multi-form abnormalities in the inner structures of sperm heads,necks and tails. Conclusions The epididymal sperm defect (including head, neck and tail) after vasectomy was demonstrated in the inner cell organs.The longer after vasectomy, the higher percentage of sperm with abnormality was found.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe sperm motion parameters in pre-freeze and post-thaw semen samples using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Semen analyses of 238 samples before freezing and after thawing were separately performed by Hamilton-Thorne Sperm Analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sperm motility in post-thaw samples was significantly decreased. There was significant correlation and difference between pre-freeze and post-thaw samples in sperm motion parameters, including average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), straightness (STR) and linearity (LIN), except heat cross frequency (BCF). The percentage of sperm movement velocity parameters (VAP, VSL and VCL) and moving pattern parameters (ALH) significantly decreased, while that of LIN and STR significantly increased in post-thaw samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CASA system is of clinically applied value and is a useful tool for evaluating sperm motion parameters in pre-freeze and post-thaw semen samples.</p>
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Humans , Male , Cryopreservation , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Freezing , Sperm MotilityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the semen quality of the donors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The semen parameters of the primary samples of 512 donors were examined following the World Health Organization (WHO) guide and computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA, product by Harmilton Thorne) system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 246 (246/512, 48%) donors with potential fertility, only 146 (146/512, 28.5%) came up to the semen standard set by the Chinese Ministry of Health, while 266 (266/512, 52%) were below the WHO reference values of semen parameters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Repeat semen analyses may increase the success rate in screening semen donors. The semen quality of the donors suggests that it is necessary to pay more attention to male reproductive health.</p>