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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between transformation growth factor (TGF- B) polymorphisms and IgA nephropathy and the therapeutic effect of dendrobium on IgA nephropathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP) and direct sequencing were used for analysis of 118 patients with IgA nephropathy from core families in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The imbalanced transfer of TGF iso1-509 C/T in the affected offsprings was observed by transfer imbalance test and HRR analysis. The TGF-B genotype of the patients and the core family members were detected. The therapeutic effects of Dendrobium candidum combined with hormone and ACEI/ARB treatments were evaluated by observing the patient's urine protein (24 hUpr), serum albumin (ALB), creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 118 patients with IgA nephropathy, we identified TGF-B 1 promoter -509C/T genotype CC in 32 (27.1%) cases, CT in 58 (49.2%) cases, and TT in 28 (23.7%) cases. In the core family of the patients, CC genotype was found in 33 (28.0%) cases, CT in 55 (46.6%) cases, and TT in 30 (28.0%) cases. The treatments significantly lowered 24 hUpr, Scr, and BUN levels ( > 0.05) in patients with CC genotype, significantly lowered 24 hUpr and BUN levels in patients with CT genotype ( < 0.05), and significantly lowered 24 hUpr and BUN level and increased ( < 0.05) ALB level ( < 0.01) in patients with TT genotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is no significant correlation between TGF-B promoter - 509C/T polymorphism and IgA nephropathy. The patients with CC genotype are sensitive to the treatments with hormone and ACEI/ ARB and show a stronger response to combined treatments with dendrobium.</p>
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Objective To investigate the effects of transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6) on the expression of nephrin, desmin and caspase 9 and on the apoptosis of podocytes in a mouse model of podocyte injury induced by TGF-β1.Methods Conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: control, TGF-β1 treatment, TGF-β1+PGPU6/GFP/Neo-TRPC6-mus-581 (TRPC6 knockdown) and TGF-β1+PGPU6/GFP/Neo-NC (negative control).Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of nephrin, desmin and caspase 9 at mRNA and protein levels, respectively.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptotic rate of podocytes.DAPI fluorescent staining was used to observe the morphological changes of apoptotic podocytes.Results Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing podocytes at 48 hours after transfection were significantly more than those at 24 hours after transfection.The level of TRPC6 in mouse podocytes transfected with PGPU6/GFP/Neo-TRPC6-mus-581 was significantly decreased as compared with that of the control group (P0.05).More apoptotic cells with typical morphological features of apoptosis were observed after exposure to TGF-β1 for 48 hours.Conclusion TGF-β1 could induce the apoptosis of podocytes, inhibit the expression of nephrin and enhance the expression of caspase 9 and desmin, the possible mechanisms of which may be related to TRPC6 signal pathway.These changes in TGF-β1-treated podocytes could be alleviated by inhibiting the expression of TRPC6, which might have a protective effect on podocyte injury.
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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and the cause of misdiagnosis of child suffering from cerebral parago-nimiasis with intracranial hemorrhage as initial symptom,and to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of cerebral paragonimiasis.Methods The clinical data of the children who suffered from cerebral paragonimiasis with intracranial hemorrhage as initial symptom were collected from January 2011 to December 2015 in Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College.The clinical manifestation,imageology and laboratory tests,outcome of therapy were analyzed and then the effect of treatment and the prognosis were followed up.Results There were 7 patients meeting the inclusion criteria for cerebral paragonimiasis,including 4 male and 3 female.They were from 6 to 13 years old with the average age of 9.3 years old.All patients presented with headache and vomiting,and showed intracranial hemorrhage through CT or MRI of brain.All of the 7 patients were misdiagnosed as cerebrovascular malformation by the neurosurgeons.Three of them showed typical imaging pattern including tunnel sign and the ring-like shape of cerebral paragonimiasis.Five of these cases were attacked by pulmonary distomiasis at the same time.Six of them had an increasing eosinophil,and the paragonimus antibody was positive.They were treated with Praziquantel.Six patients recovered completely,and 1 patient had the dysfunction of left extremities.Conclusions The childhood cerebral paragonimiasis has strong clinical heterogeneity and diversity in manifestation.Intracranial hemorrhage may be the initial symptom,which should be paid more attention to.Cerebral paragonimiasis can be diagnosed and treated early according to the clinical characteristics,the increase of eosinophil,the typical changes in imageology and the specific antibody test.
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Objective To investigate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid on oxidative stress and cerebral edema after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD)in neonatal rats.Methods A total of 108 neonatal 7-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham-operated group(sham, n=36), HIBD group(HIBD, n=36) and alpha-lipoic acid-treated group (treated group, n=36).Each group was divided into 3 sub-groups (n=12, per sub-group) based on different time points after HIBD (1 d, 3 d, 7 d).HIBD rat models were established by ligating the left common carotid artery, The sham-operated group and the HIBD group were treated with normal sodium injection intraperitoneally; treated group were treated with alpha-lipoic acid 100 mg/kg every 12 hours in 5 days.Animals were sacrificed at different time points.Changes of brain water content were determined by dry-wet weight method.And the levels of SOD,MDA,GSH-PX were measured.Results HIBD group showed an upward trend in brain water content and the level of MDA after HIBD, were higher than that of sham-operated group at each time point (P<0.05).Meanwhile, the levels of SOD and GSH-PX showed the downward trend in HIBD group.The levels of brain water content and the level of MDA in treated group were significantly lower than HIBD group at each time point ( P<0.05 ) .And the levels of SOD and GSH-PX in treated group were significantly higher than HIBD group at 3 d and 7 d.on the contrary , the level of MDA in treated group was significantly lower than HIBD group at 3 d and 7 d.Conclusion Alpha-lipoic acid can amiliorate cerebral edema, so it can prevent HIBD.The neuronal protective mechanism might be reverse oxidative imbalance in the brain of neonatal rats with HIBD.
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To obtain the P8 protein of Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) with biological activity, its outer coat protein gene S8 was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. The S8 gene was subcloned into the pFastBacTM1 vector, to produce the recombinant baculovirus transfer vector pFB-S8. After transformation, pFB-S8 was introduced into the competent cells (E. coli DH10Bac) containing a shuttle vector, Bacmid, generating the recombinant bacmid rbpFB-S8. After being infected by recombinant baculovirus rvpFB-S8 at different multiplicities of infection, Sf9 cells were collected at different times and analyzed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. The expression level of the P8 protein was highest between 48-72 h after transfection of Sf9 cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that P8 protein of RGDV formed punctate structures in the cytoplasm of Sf9 cells.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the production process of ceftizoxime sodium.METHODS:Ceftizoxime acid was prepared with 7-Amino-3-norcephem-4-carboxylic acid(7-ANCA)and AE-ester ceftizoxime acid as raw material;then ceftizoxime sodium was obtained through the reaction between ceftizoxime acid and sodium carbonate.The effects of parameters including reaction time,and amount and dripping velocity of ethanol,the amount of sodium carbonate,and pH of solution on quality of product were studied.RESULTS:The reaction process could be realized successfully.The optimal parameters for the synthesis of ceftizoxime sodium were as follows:reaction time=1.5h,the velocity of dripping ethanol=400mL? h-1,reaction temperature
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This paper is to introduce a new method for the determination of the plasma level of catecholamine. The method consists of two steps. Firstly, catecholamine is seperated and purified with aluminium oxide and sephadex G-10. Secondly, the purified catecholamine is oxidized into trihydrooxyindole and the amount is determined by fluorimetry.This method is rather simple and can be handled easily. It can be used either in research or in clinical work. The procedures of the method and, the relevant factors to the accuracy of the method were discussed in detail and the data obtained from experimental animals, normal persons and different patients were presented.