ABSTRACT
Abstract Background International publications have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the indicators of care for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), with a potential increase in morbidity and mortality. Objectives To compare mortality, time from symptom onset to primary angioplasty (total delay [TD]), time from symptom onset to initial medical contact (patient delay [PD]), and time from initial medical contact to guidewire insertion in the hemodynamics laboratory (system delay [SD]) among patients admitted for STEMI at the Hemodynamics Service of Santa Casa de Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil before and after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization, assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on STEMI care indicators. Methods This is a before-and-after study involving patients hospitalized with STEMI undergoing primary angioplasty. Data were collected retrospectively through medical record review. Clinical and demographic profiles and outcomes between the pre-pandemic and pandemic groups were compared using the chi-square test for categorical variables or Student's t-test for continuous variables. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results There were no differences in TD (pre-pandemic: 300 min [± 159 min], 95% CI 277.1 to 322.6; pandemic: 300 min [± 148 min], 95% CI 274.3 to 326.6, p = 0.97). However, there was an increase in SD (pre-pandemic: 145 min [± 97 min], 95% CI 122.7 to 167.9; pandemic: 178 min [± 96 min], 95% CI 157.4 to 197.9, p = 0.037). There was no increase in PD (pre-pandemic: 145 min ± 133 min; pandemic: 130 min ± 117 min, p = 0.44), and no differences in mortality were observed (pre-pandemic: 9.7%; pandemic: 12%, p = 0.49). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic increased SD in the management of STEMI in the region of Passos, Minas Gerais. There were no differences in PD, TD, and in-hospital mortality.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the combination of tibial cross pin fixation and femoral screw fixation presents biomechanical advantages when compared to femoral cross pin fixation and tibial screw fixation for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). METHODS: Thirty-eight porcine knees and bovine extensor digitorum tendons were used as the graft materials. The tests were performed in three groups: (1) standard, used fourteen knees, and the grafts were fixated with the combination of femoral cross pin and a tibial screw; (2) inverted, used fourteen knees with an inverted combination of tibial cross pin and a femoral screw; (3) control, ten control tests performed with intact ACL. After the grafts fixation, all the knees were subjected to tensile testing to determine yield strength and ultimate strength. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in survival techniques in regard to strength, yield load and tension. There was a higher survival compared in the standard curves of yield stress (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no biomechanical advantage, observed in animal models testing, in the combination of tibial cross pin fixation and femoral screw when compared to femoral cross pin fixation and tibial screw.
OBJETIVO: investigar se a fixação transversa tibial com parafuso femoral apresenta vantagens biomecânicas sobre a fixação transversa femoral com parafuso tibial na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). MÉTODO: foram usados como modelos de testes joelhos suínos e tendões extensores digitais bovinos. Foram submetidos à reconstrução do LCA 28 joelhos: 14 foram fixados com parafuso na tíbia e implante transverso no fêmur (grupo padrão) e 14 com parafuso no fêmur e fixação transversa na tíbia (grupo invertido). Os modelos foram submetidos aos testes de tração. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na sobrevivência das técnicas no que tange a força, força máxima sem falha e tensão. Houve uma sobrevivência maior no grupo padrão na comparação das curvas de tensão de limite elástico (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: não há vantagem biomecânica da fixação transversa tibial com parafuso femoral em relação à fixação transversa femoral com parafuso tibial, observada em testes com modelos animais.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anterior Cruciate Ligament , Femur , Mechanics , Orthopedic Fixation Devices , Tendons , Cattle , SwineABSTRACT
Objetivo: caracterizar a percepção e prática de atividade física regular entre usuários de Serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com adultos e idosos de ambos os sexos adscritos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) de Belo Horizonte/MG. Os dados foram coletados com auxílio de questionário previamente testado, contendo informações sociodemográficas e econômicas, antropométricas (peso, altura e circunferências da cintura e quadril, com posterior cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal e razão cintura/quadril). Para avaliação da percepção e prática de atividade física, realizaram-se testes físicos de flexibilidade, de resistência muscular e de degraus, além de aplicação do Questionário Internacional de Atividades Físicas. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 499 usuários, sendo 82,8% mulheres e 69,1% adultos, com média de idade de 51±15,5 anos. Verificou-se elevado percentual de sobrepeso (35,5% em adultos e 52,5% em idosos) e obesidade (25,1%), além de indivíduos com risco muito elevado para ocorrência de complicações metabólicas associadas à obesidade (39,4%) e doenças cardiovasculares (42,8%). Dos participantes, 42,3% consideraram-se inativos, sendo tal percepção mais prevalente entre as mulheres (p=0,01). Destaca-se a caminhada como atividade física mais realizada pelos usuários (79,5%). Entre os testes físicos aplicados, o teste de degraus apresentou maior limitação entre os indivíduos, resultando em 90,2% de desistência em executá-lo. A classificação de flexibilidade, resistência muscular e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 max) associaram-se ao IMC em adultos (p<0,05). Conclusão: Verificou-se elevada prevalência de excesso de peso associada ao baixo nível de atividade física na população estudada, denotando-se a necessidade de ações de conscientização da importância da regularidade dessa prática na promoção da saúde.
Objective: To characterize the perception of regular physical activity and its practice among Primary Healthcare Service users. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted with adult and elderly users of a Basic Health Unit (BHU) in Belo Horizonte/MG. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire containing sociodemographic and financial information, and anthropometric data (weight, height, waist and hip circumference, with subsequent calculation of Body Mass Index and waist/hip ratio). To assess the perception and practice of physical activity, tests were conducted on flexibility, muscle endurance, and stair climbing. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was also applied. Results: Interviews were conducted with 499 users, 82.8% female and 69.1% adults, mean age 51 ± 15.5 years. The group presented a high percentage of overweight (35.5% adults and 52.5% elderly) and obesity (25,1%), as well as individuals with a very high risk for the occurrence of metabolic complications associated with obesity (39.4%) and cardiovascular disease (42.8%). In the study sample, 42.3% considered themselves physically inactive, this perception being most prevalent among the women (p=0.01). Walking stood out as the most common physical activity practiced (79.5%). Among the physical tests applied, the stairs test was the most limiting, resulting in a 90.2% dropout rate in its execution. There were statistically significant associations of the classifications of flexibility, muscle endurance, and VO2 max, with BMI (p<0.05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of excess weight associated with a low level of physical activity was identified in the study population, indicating the need for actions to raise awareness of the importance of the regularity of this practice in promoting health