Spatial distribution of the positivity of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Maranhao State, Northeastern Brazil, from 2007 to 2016

ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is considered one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), which affects around 240 million people worldwide. In Brazil, Schistosomiasis mansoni has been registered in 19 states, predominantly in rural areas. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of Schistosomiasis mansoni cases in the Maranhao State from 2007 to 2016, as well as the temporal trend over this period. The data were obtained from secondary sources: Schistosomiasis Control Program of Maranhao (PCE-MA) and Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The State Health Regions (HRs) were considered analysis units. Maranhao had a positivity rate of 3.8 for the period. The Regions that presented the highest percentages of positivity in the state were Pinheiro (7.92), Ze Doca (3.30), and Viana (3.10). Municipalities such as Bacuri, Serrano do Maranhao, and Bequimao, located in the Pinheiro HR, showed positivity rates of 16.56, 13.31, and 11.01 respectively. The spatial analysis of schistosomiasis cases showed that Maranhao has two main centers for the spread of the disease, both located in the northern portion of the state, namely the Baixada Maranhense and the east coast. This study concluded that the positivity of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Maranhao was stable over the analyzed period. The state still maintains the Baixada Maranhense micro-region as an important area for the spread of the disease reaching socially vulnerable population groups.

Música e movimento no berçário: potencializando o desenvolvimento integral / Music and movement in the nursery: potentializing integral development / Música y movimiento en el berçario: potencializando el desarrollo integral

Há pouca prática de atividades motoras sistematizadas em classes de berçário. Objetivou-se implantar um programa de atividade motora com música para bebês. Foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação, em uma classe de berçário com seis bebês, seus respectivos pais e professores, em duas temáticas: imitação de animais e exploração de materiais. Observou-se que os bebês realizaram habilidades motoras básicas que possibilitaram expressões de diferentes ritmos musicais, imitação de animais, expressão de emoções e utilização de diferentes vias neuronais. Houve bom entrosamento entre professores, pais e pesquisadores. Considera-se, assim, que atividades com música podem ser empregadas em classes de berçário para oportunizar vivências motoras de forma lúdica, as quais são importantes para o desenvolvimento integral.

Systematized motor practice is scarce in nursery classes. This study aimed to offer a program with motor activity and music for babies. An action research was carried out in a nursery class with six infants, their respective parents and teachers, in two themes: imitation of animals and exploration of materials. It was observed that infants performed basic motor skills that allowed expressions of different musical rhythms, imitation of animals, expression of emotions and stimulation of different neuronal pathways; there was good interaction between teachers, parents and researchers. It is considered, therefore, that activities with music can be used in nursery classes to offer motor experiences in a playful way, which are important for integral development.

La práctica de actividades motoras sistematizadas es escasa en clases de guardería. Se trató de implantar un programa de ejercicios con música y movimiento activo para bebés. Se realizó una investigación-acción, en una clase guardería con seis bebés, sus respectivos padres y profesores, en dos temáticas: imitación de animales y exploración de materiales. Se observó que los bebés realizaron habilidades motoras básicas que posibilitaran expresiones de diferentes ritmos musicales, imitación de animales, expresión de emociones y estimulación de diferentes vías neuronales; hubo un buen entendimiento entre profesores, padres e investigadores. Se considera, así, que actividades con música pueden ser empleadas en clases de guardería para dar vivencias motoras de forma lúdica, las cuales son importantes para el desarrollo integral.

Hyaluronic acid accelerates bone repair in human dental sockets: a randomized triple-blind clinical trial

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) on bone repair of human dental sockets. Thirty-two lower first premolars were extracted from 16 patients (2 per patient) for orthodontic reasons. Following the extractions, one socket was randomly filled with 1% HA gel, while the other was allowed to naturally fill with blood clot. After 30 and 90 days of surgery, patients underwent cone beam computed tomography. Five central orthoradial slices were captured from each socket. The gray intensity was measured in each image and results were reported as mean percentage of bone formation. The buccolingual alveolar ridge width was measured and dimensional changes were compared between the postoperative intervals. The pattern of alveolar trabecular bone was evaluated through the fractal dimension. Treated sockets showed a higher percentage of bone formation and fractal dimension values (58.17% and 1.098, respectively) compared with controls (48.97% and 1.074, respectively) in the 30-day postoperative period (p < 0.05). After 90 days, there was no significant difference between groups. Additionally, no significant difference was found between groups regarding the alveolar dimensions (p > 0.05). Use of 1% HA gel after tooth extraction accelerates bone repair in human dental sockets.

EVALUATION OF THE MOLLUSCICIDAL POTENTIAL OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF Jatropha gossypiifolia Linnaeus, 1753 ON Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) / Avaliação do potencial moluscicida de extratos hidroalcoólicos do caule, folhas e frutos de Jatropha gossypiifolia Linnaeus, 1753 em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

The action of extracts from the stem, leaves, and fruit of Jatropha gossypiifolia on Biomphalaria glabrata was studied by analyzing survival, feeding capacity and oviposition ability. The extracts were obtained by macerating the plant parts in 92% ethanol, which were then evaporated until a dry residue was obtained and phytochemically studied. The molluscicidal activity on B. glabrata was investigated using the procedures recommended by WHO (1965). The amount of food ingested and oviposition were measured during each experiment. The extract of leaves from J. gossypiifolia was shown to be a strong molluscicidal agent, causing 100% mortality of B. glabrata, even in the lowest concentration tested, of 25 ppm. Regarding the fruit extract, there was variation in the mortality, depending on the concentration used (100, 75, 50 and 25 ppm). The snails that were in contact with the fruit extract had significant reduction in feeding and number of embryos in comparison to the control. The stem extract did not present molluscicidal activity nor had any influence on the feeding and oviposition abilities of B. glabrata, in the concentrations tested. In conclusion, the extracts of leaves and fruits of J. gossypiifolia investigated in this work show molluscicidal effect and may be sources of useful compounds for the schistosomiasis control.

Estudou-se a ação dos extratos do caule, folhas e frutos de Jatropha gossypiifolia (Pinhão-roxo) sobre Biomphalaria glabrata analisando a sobrevivência, capacidade alimentar e de oviposição. Os extratos foram obtidos pela maceração das partes do vegetal em álcool etílico 92%, evaporados até obter-se um resíduo seco e estudados fitoquimicamente. A atividade moluscicida em B. glabrata seguiu os procedimentos recomendados pela WHO (1965). A medida de quantidade de alimento ingerido e a oviposição foi realizada durante cada experimento. O extrato das folhas de J. gossypiifolia mostrou-se um forte agente moluscicida, promovendo 100% de mortalidade de B. glabrata mesmo na menor concentração testada, 25 ppm. Com o extrato dos frutos houve variação na mortalidade, de acordo com a concentração utilizada (100, 75, 50 e 25 ppm). Os caramujos em contato com o extrato dos frutos apresentaram quando comparado ao controle uma diminuição significativa nos comportamentos alimentares e de número de embriões. O extrato do caule não apresentou atividade moluscicida e nenhuma influência sobre a capacidade alimentar e de oviposição de B. glabrata nas concentrações testadas. Em conclusão, os extratos de folhas e frutos de J. gossypiifolia investigados neste trabalho apresentam efeito moluscicida e possivelmente podem ser fontes de compostos no controle da esquistossomose.