ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data related to leishmaniases or Leishmania infection in horses are scarce. However, studies carried out in different regions in the world showed equids parasitised by Leishmania braziliensis, L. infantum and L. martiniquensis. OBJECTIVES Identify the Leishmania species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a mare, living in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), and search the presence of Leishmania viruses in the isolated parasite. METHODS Isoenzymes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ITSrDNA region followed by sequencing were conducted for typing the isolated parasite. A search for Leishmania virus infection was also performed. FINDINGS The mare presented skin nodules and ulcers in the left pinna caused by Leishmania spp. that was detected by culture and PCR. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis, infected by Leishbunyavirus (LBV), representing the first description of this species in South America. The animal travelled to different Brazilian regions, but not to outside the country. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The worldwide distribution of L. martiniquensis and its infection by LBV were confirmed in this study, indicating the autochthonous transmission cycle in Brazil. The clinical profile of the disease in the mare, showing fast spontaneous healing of cutaneous lesions, may indicate that skin lesions related to L. martiniquensis infection in horses might be underdiagnosed.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The objective of the current research was to assess seroconversion in dogs immunized with Leishmune® and Leish Tec® vaccines using rapid chromatographic immunoassay DPP® (Dual Path Platform) (DPP CVL) and enzyme immunoassay (EIE) up to one year after the vaccination protocol. The study sample comprised 28 dogs divided into two groups, each group immunized with an anti-CVL vaccine and clinically monitored for one year through clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. 22 (78.5%) dog were monitored. During the evaluation time (T1-30 days, T2-6 months, and T3-1 year after vaccination) the results for all dogs were negative for CVL, except for one animal vaccinated with Leish tec® that seroconverted in the DPP CVL test at T2. Subsequent examinations of this dog were negative. Our results showed that in a non-endemic area, even at different evaluation times, dogs vaccinated against CVL with Leishmune® or Leish tec® did not seroconvert in the serological protocol used by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DPP/EIE).
RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a soroconversão em cães imunizados com as vacinas Leishmune® e Leish tec®, através do teste imunocromatográfico rápido DPP® (Dual Path Platform) (DPP LVC) e do ensaio imunoenzimático (EIE) durante um ano após o protocolo vacinal. Trata-se de um estudo onde 28 cães divididos em dois grupos foram imunizados cada um com uma vacina anti - LVC e acompanhados durante um ano através de avaliação clínica e exames laboratoriais. Foi possível acompanhar 22 (78.5%) cães. Nos exames dos tempos 1, 2 e 3 (respectivamente 30 dias, 6 messes e 1 ano após a vacinação) os resultados de todos os cães também foram negativos para LVC, exceto de um cão que recebeu a vacina Leish tec® e soroconverteu no DPP LVC no T2, após 6 meses a vacina. Os exames posteriores deste cão foram negativos. Os resultados do presente estudo demostraram que, em área não endêmica e mesmo em diferentes tempos de avaliação, cães vacinados contra LVC, independente da vacina utilizada, não foram capazes de soroconverter no protocolo utilizado pelo Ministério da Saúde brasileiro (DPP/EIE).