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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(5): 423-430, Sept.-Oct. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528004

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The most recent DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 (2018) diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encompass 20 and six symptoms, respectively, organized in different structures. This study aimed to investigate the dimensions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) according to the DSM-5's broader definition of PTSD and the ICD-11's narrower approach, as well as to explore an alternative restricted model that retains the core symptoms explicitly related to traumatic experiences. Methods: Data were gathered from Brazilian employees (n=1,101) who had directly experienced traumatic life events or had been exposed to them because of their work activities. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to evaluate the configural and metric structures of the models. Results: We estimated seven models of the latent structure of PTSD including the four-factor DSM-5 and three-factor ICD-11 PTSD models. Given the lack of evidence of their validity, an alternative 10-symptom model was tested. The final seven-item PTSD model considerably improved estimation of the PTSD construct. This solution showed reliable items with non-redundant content, acceptable fit indices, and satisfactory configural and metric properties. Conclusion: The more parsimonious one-dimensional model comprising the core PTSD symptoms has the potential to improve assessment of PTSD.

2.
Rev. Bras. Neurol. (Online) ; 59(3): 10-14, jul.-set. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1516918

ABSTRACT

Objective: The principal objective aims to assess a possible relationship between epilepsy and aggressive behavior. Secondarily, we intend to study how epilepsy relates to criminal liability. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed, using the Web of Science,United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed),and Scielo databases. The searches were conducted in May-June 2022 and covered the period from 2000 to 2022. Eligibility criteria consisted on original articles in English and Portuguese that were interested in the association of epilepsy, criminal behavior (with aggression directed to others), criminal liability in adults with epilepsy. Results: The search yielded 921 results, 794 of which in PubMed, 115 in Web of Science, and 12 in Scielo. Articles that failed to meet the inclusion criteria (206) and duplicates (201) were excluded. Conclusion: There were no findings to indicate a significant increase in aggressive behaviors in individuals with epilepsy. However, it was possible to identify a higher prevalence of aggressive acts in males with epilepsy, besides the presence of comorbidities with mental disorders and substance use. In addition, the results suggest that in criminal offenders with epilepsy, the seizures originated in the temporal and frontal cerebral lobes. Further researchis necessary on the relationship between epilepsy, criminality, and criminal liability in order to produce more robust data to support legal proceedings.


Objetivo: O objetivo principal visa avaliar uma possível relação entre epilepsia e comportamento agressivo. Secundariamente, pretendemos estudar a relação entre epilepsia e responsabilidade penal. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados Web of Science, United States National Libraryof Medicine (PubMed) e Scielo. As buscas ocorreram no período de maio e junho de 2022, verificando o período de 2000 à 2022. Os critérios de elegibilidade consistiram em artigos originais em inglês e português, com interesse na associação entre epilepsia, comportamento criminoso (com violência direcionada a outros) e responsabilidade penal em adultos com epilepsia. Resultados: Foram encontrados 921 resultados na busca, sendo 794 na base de dados PubMed, 115 na Web of Science, e 12 na Scielo.Aqueles que não preencheram os critérios de inclusão (206) e duplicados (201) foram excluídos. Conclusão: Não houveram achados suficientes que indicassem um aumento significativo de comportamentos agressivos na população epiléptica. Entretanto, em relação a esse aspecto, foi possível estabelecer maior prevalência no sexo masculino, presença de comorbidades com transtornos mentais, além de uso de substâncias. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que, em infratores epilépticos, as crises foram provenientes das regiões temporo-frontais do cérebro. Em suma, é importante que a relação entre comportamento criminoso, epilepsia e imputabilidade penal continue sendo estudada, de modo a trazer dados mais sólidos para embasar procedimentos judiciais.

3.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 72(2): 75-77, ab.-jun. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506605

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The goal of this editorial is to analyse a recent case of mass murder under the psychiatric perspective.


RESUMO O objetivo do presente editorial é o de analisar, sob a perspectiva da psiquiatria, um caso recente de homicídio em massa.

5.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 71(2): 149-160, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386071

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) é um transtorno altamente prevalente e incapacitante. Mesmo quando tratado com uma intervenção de primeira linha, terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC), 45% dos pacientes continuam sofrendo desse transtorno. Portanto, conhecer os fatores que podem prever quem responderá à TCC seria de grande valor no tratamento desses pacientes. Por esse motivo, revisamos sistematicamente a literatura para identificar as variáveis que poderiam predizer a resposta à TCC em pacientes que sofrem de TEPT. MÉTODOS: Seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA 2020, pesquisamos em banco de dados eletrônico como ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE e PTSDpubs até novembro de 2021. Dois autores conduziram independentemente a seleção do estudo e a extração de dados. Estudos que examinaram possíveis preditores de resposta à terapia, com amostra de adultos (18-65 anos) de ambos os sexos, com e sem comorbidades, foram considerados elegíveis. As características dos estudos foram sintetizadas em uma tabela. O risco de viés foi avaliado pela ferramenta de avaliação de qualidade de risco de viés da Cochrane. RESULTADOS: Vinte e oito estudos envolvendo 15 variáveis foram selecionados. Desses, oito mostraram baixo risco de viés, 19 mostraram algumas preocupações e um mostrou alto risco potencial de viés. A relação terapêutica foi a única variável considerada um preditor de boa resposta à terapia. Todas as outras variáveis apresentaram resultados conflitantes. CONCLUSÕES: A variável mais promissora, embora muito fraca cientificamente, é a relação terapêutica. Ensaios clínicos randomizados adicionais devem ser conduzidos para esclarecer o papel dessa variável como um preditor de resposta da TCC em pacientes com TEPT.


OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder. Even when treated with the first-line intervention, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), 45% of the patients continue suffering from this disorder. Therefore, knowing the factors that could foresee who will respond to CBT would be of great value to the treatment of these patients. Thus, we have systematically reviewed the literature to identify the variables that could predict response to CBT in patients suffering from PTSD. METHODS: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched the electronic databases ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PTSDpubs until November 2021. Two authors have independently conducted study selection and data extraction. Studies that examined possible predictors of response to therapy on a sample of adults (18-65 years), both genders, with and without comorbidities were considered eligible. The characteristics of the studies were synthesized in a table. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias quality assessment tool. RESULTS: Twenty- -eight studies comprising 15 variables were selected. Among those, eight showed a low risk of bias, 19 showed some concerns, and one showed a high potential risk of bias. The therapeutic relationship was the only variable considered to be a predictor of a good response to therapy. All other variables showed conflicting results. CONCLUSIONS: The most promising variable, although scientifically weak, is the therapeutic relationship. Additional randomized clinical trials should be conducted to clarify the role of this variable as a predictor of response to CBT in patients with PTSD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome
8.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 70(4): 302-310, out.-dez.2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350964

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Bibliometrics is a group of statistical and mathematical methods employed to measure and analyze the quantity and the quality of scientific articles, books, and other forms of publications. The objective of the present study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria (JBP) by listing its 100 most highly cited articles in the scientific literature and identifying their main characteristics in terms of authorship and research topics and design. METHODS: The 100 topcited references in the JBP were identified through a search with Google Scholar. The main author, last author, corresponding author, the total number of authors, gender of the authors, year of publication, research institution, geographic origin, language, and the research design and subject of each reference were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A marked increase in the number of citations in the last 15 years, a relatively balanced distribution of publications among the Brazilian states and research centers, absence of gender bias among authors, and a varied range of published topics suggest a good current editorial performance by the JBP. Relative lack of systematic reviews and longitudinal studies, dearth of articles published in the English language, and modest participation of foreign authors were points requiring improvement. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that a survey of the 100 most cited articles in the JBP can provide a historical overview of the progress of this journal, as well as highlight the main obstacles, constraints, and challenges faced by its editors and authors.


OBJETIVO: Bibliometria é um grupo de métodos estatísticos e matemáticos empregados para medir e analisar a quantidade e a qualidade de artigos científicos, livros e outras formas de publicações. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica do Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria (JBP), relacionando seus 100 artigos mais citados na literatura científica e identificando suas principais características em termos de autoria e questões de pesquisa e delineamento experimental. MÉTODOS: As 100 referências mais citadas no JBP foram identificadas por meio de uma busca no Google Scholar. Foram registradas e analisadas as seguintes informações: autor principal, último autor, autor correspondente, número total de autores, gênero dos autores, ano de publicação, instituição de pesquisa, origem geográfica e idioma de cada referência e seu tema de investigação e delineamento metodológico. RESULTADOS: O aumento acentuado no número de citações nos últimos 15 anos, a boa distribuição das publicações entre os estados e centros de pesquisa brasileiros, a ausência de viés de gênero entre os autores e a variada gama de tópicos publicados sugerem um bom desempenho editorial atual do JBP. A relativa falta de revisões sistemáticas e estudos longitudinais, os poucos artigos publicados em inglês e a pequena participação de autores estrangeiros são pontos que requerem melhorias. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo sugere que o levantamento dos 100 artigos mais citados no JBP pode fornecer um panorama histórico da evolução dessa revista, bem como destacar os principais obstáculos, restrições e desafios enfrentados por seus editores e autores.


Subject(s)
Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Psychiatry , Bibliometrics , Scientific and Technical Publications , Authorship in Scientific Publications , Journal Impact Factor
9.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 70(3): 266-270, jul.-set. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350947

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We described a case in which a heavily-traumatized patient had been under psychiatric treatment for seven years (five of them in a university mental health clinic) but was never diagnosed with PTSD and, therefore, did not receive the proper treatment for a very long period. After the correct diagnosis was made and personalized treatment instituted, the patient has shown marked improvement in functionality and wellbeing. The key element in this case, was the adequacy of psychiatric training. Our report suggests that psychiatrists are not being adequately trained to identify traumatic events and to diagnose atypical cases of PTSD. With that in mind, we emphasize that theoretical modules on trauma and trauma-related disorders and practical training in specialized PTSD clinics should be incorporated into the psychiatric residency training programs wherever they may be missing, particularly in countries most impacted by violence. Furthermore, continuing medical education on trauma and PTSD should be provided by medical associations and journals to keep physicians updated on recent progress in the field.


RESUMO Descrevemos o caso de um paciente gravemente traumatizado que estava em tratamento psiquiátrico há sete anos (cinco deles em uma clínica universitária de saúde mental), mas nunca foi diagnosticado com transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) e, portanto, não recebeu o tratamento adequado por muito tempo. Após o diagnóstico correto e o tratamento personalizado instituído, o paciente mostrou melhora acentuada na funcionalidade e no bem-estar. O elemento-chave, neste caso, foi a adequação do treinamento psiquiátrico. Nosso relatório sugere que os psiquiatras não estão sendo treinados adequadamente para identificar eventos traumáticos e diagnosticar casos atípicos de TEPT. Com isso em mente, enfatizamos que os módulos teóricos sobre eventos traumáticos e transtornos relacionados ao trauma e treinamento prático em clínicas especializadas de TEPT devem ser incorporados aos programas de treinamento em residência psiquiátrica onde quer que ainda estejam ausentes, particularmente nos países mais afetados pela violência. Além disso, a educação médica continuada sobre trauma e TEPT deve ser fornecida por associações médicas e periódicos científicos para manter os médicos atualizados sobre os avanços recentes na área.

11.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 69(3): 201-204, jul.-set. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134959

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT To discuss the resilience factors that may have prevented a patient from developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to a variety of severe potentially traumatic events. A thirty-eight-year-old civilian has been exposed to at least ten dramatic situations of violence in his work and personal life. He developed only a few mild post-traumatic symptoms after being exposed to a particularly gruesome incident during work. Even though the number and severity of potentially traumatic events may be alarming, this does not determine that the patient will inexorably develop PTSD, or other disorders. The study of protective factors is mandatory so that we can acknowledge and develop more effective ways to prevent and treat disorders.


RESUMO Discutir fatores de resiliência que podem ter prevenido que um paciente desenvolvesse transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) após a exposição a uma variedade de eventos potencialmente traumáticos severos. Um civil de 38 anos que foi exposto a, ao menos, 10 situações dramáticas de violência em seu trabalho e vida pessoal. Ele desenvolveu apenas alguns sintomas leves após o trauma de ter sido exposto a um evento particularmente desconcertante durante seu trabalho. Apesar de o número e a severidade dos eventos potencialmente traumáticos serem alarmantes, isso não determina que o paciente invariavelmente apresentará o TEPT ou outros transtornos. O estudo dos fatores protetivos é essencial para que possamos reconhecer e desenvolver maneiras efetivas de prevenir e tratar os transtornos mentais.

13.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 22(2): 360-375, abr.-jun. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014225

ABSTRACT

We reported a case of a 10-year-old girl who developed a PTSD-like syndrome after watching a horror movie. After 6 years, the now 16-year-old patient still fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, except for the trauma itself. We reviewed the scientific literature for case reports of PTSD-like syndrome induced by horror movies and found 13 cases. In only two was the presence of the DSM criteria confirmed. Watching horror movies may thus trigger PTSD-like syndromes in vulnerable viewers


O caso de uma menina de 10 anos de idade que desenvolveu síndrome do tipo transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) após assistir a filme de terror é relatado. Após seis anos, a paciente ainda preenchia os critérios do DSM-IV para TEPT. Em revisão da literatura, identificamos 13 casos de síndrome TEPT-símile induzida por filmes de terror, mas o diagnóstico baseado em critérios DSM foi feito em dois casos apenas. Filmes de terror podem desencadear síndromes TEPT-símile em pessoas vulneráveis.


Presentamos el caso de una niña de 10 años que desarrolló un síndrome tipo trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) después de ver una película de terror. Al cabo de seis años, la paciente aún cumplía con los criterios del DSM-IV para el TEPT. Durante la revisión de la literatura, identificamos 13 casos de síndromes similares al TEPT, inducidos por películas de terror, pero el diagnóstico basado en los criterios DSM fue hecho solo en dos casos. Películas de terror pueden desencadenar síndromes similares al TEPT en espectadores vulnerables.


Cet article décrit le cas d'une jeune fille de 10 ans qui a développé un syndrome qui ressemble à celui du stress post-traumatique (SSPT) après avoir regardé un film d'horreur. Six ans plus tard, la patiente présentait toujours les symptômes du SSPT correspondants aux critères du DSM-IV. La littérature scientifique a été examinée à la recherche de cas semblables et treize cas semblables ont été recensés. La présence des critères DSM-IV a été confirmée uniquement dans deux cas. Nous concluons que l'exposition à des films d'horreur peut déclencher un syndrome du type SSPT chez les personnes vulnérables.


Dieser Artikel beschreibt den Fall eines 10-jährigen Mädchens, das ein PTBS-ähnliches Syndrom entwickelte, nachdem sie einen Horrorfilm angeschaut hatte. Sechs Jahre später zeigte die nun 16 Jahre alte Patientin nach wie vor PTBS Symptome auf, die den Kriterien des DSM-IV entsprachen. Wir forschten in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur nach Fallberichten des PTBS-ähnlichen Syndroms, die durch Horrorfilme induziert wurden und fanden 13 Fälle. In nur zwei Fällen wurden die DSM-IV-Kriterien bestätigt. Wir kommen zum Schluss, dass bei anfälligen Personen, die sich Horrorfilmen aussetzen, es zu PTBS-ähnlichen Syndromen kommen kann.

14.
São Paulo med. j ; 137(3): 270-277, May-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020954

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The most recent editions of diagnostic manuals have proposed important modifications in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the gold-standard measurement for assessing PTSD and complex PTSD in accordance with the model of the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the ITQ for the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTING: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ITQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese was performed in trauma research facilities in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The adaptation followed five steps: (1) translation; (2) committee synthesis; (3) experts' evaluation through the content validity index (CVI) and assessment of interrater agreement though kappa statistics; (4) comprehension test with clinical and community samples (n = 35); and (5) final back-translation and authors' evaluation. RESULTS: Two independent translations were conducted. While working on a synthesis of these translations, the committee proposed changes in six items to adapt idiomatic expressions or to achieve a more accurate technical fit. Both the expert judges' evaluation (CVI > 0.7; k > 0.55) and the pretest in the target population (mean comprehension > 3) indicated that the adapted items were adequate and comprehensible. The final back-translation was approved by the authors of the original instrument. CONCLUSION: ITQ in its Brazilian Portuguese version achieved satisfactory content validity, thus providing a tool for Brazilian research based on PTSD models of the ICD-11.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Back Pain/diagnosis , Translations , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Cultural Characteristics
15.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(3): 213-217, May-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011498

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To estimate the current prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the diagnosis rate of this disorder ascertained by psychiatrists in training. Methods: We interviewed 200 adults under treatment in a university mental health outpatient clinic. The PTSD diagnoses obtained using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) were compared with the patients' medical records. Results: Forty-one patients (20.5%) were diagnosed with current PTSD, but only one of them (2.4%) had previously received this diagnosis. This study confirms that although PTSD is highly prevalent among mental health outpatients, it is remarkably underdiagnosed in teaching hospitals. Conclusions: These findings suggest that psychiatrists in training may be failing to investigate traumatic events and their consequences and strongly indicate that trauma-related issues should be given more prominence in psychiatry curricula and psychiatrist training.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Psychiatry/education , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Mental Health/education , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Ambulatory Care , Hospitals, University , Middle Aged
16.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(4): 414-421, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-910643

ABSTRACT

A depressão é uma condição clínica sindrômica subdiagnosticada em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Uma variedade de instrumentos é atualmente aplicada no rastreamento da depressão. Determinar a prevalência da depressão e a concordância entre os métodos de rastreamento para depressão em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Estudo transversal realizado entre março de 2015 e janeiro de 2017 com 76 pacientes ambulatoriais acompanhados em uma clínica especializada de insuficiência cardíaca. A depressão foi rastreada pela Escala de Avaliação de Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D), pelo Inventário de Depressão de Beck-II (BDI-II) e pelo Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). A concordância entre os três instrumentos foi analisada pelo coeficiente kappa de Fleiss (kF), coeficiente alfa de Krippendorff (Ck) e coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Foram calculadas a acurácia, sensibilidade, especificidade e as taxas de resultados falso-positivos e falso-negativos dos instrumentos HAM-D e PHQ-9, considerando o instrumento BDI-II como padrão-ouro no diagnóstico da depressão. As prevalências de depressão foram de 72,4% (n = 55) pela escala HAM-D, 67,1% (n = 51) pela escala BDI-II e 40,8% (n = 31) pelo PHQ-9. A prevalência de depressão pelos três instrumentos simultaneamente foi de 28,9% (n = 22) e a concordância diagnóstica entre os três instrumentos (sobre a presença ou ausência de depressão) foi de 47,4% (n = 36). A análise revelou uma concordância superficial (kF = Ck = 0,27) e consistência moderada (↓C = 0,602, significativamente não nulo, p = 0,000). As variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas não constituíram fatores de riscos para a depressão na amostra avaliada. Os métodos de rastreamento analisados apresentaram concordância e foram úteis na detecção da depressão entre pacientes ambulatoriais com insuficiência cardíaca


Depression is a syndromic clinical condition underdiagnosed in patients with heart failure. Several instruments are currently applied to screen for depression. To determine the prevalence of depression and the agreement among screening methods for depression in patients with heart failure. Cross-sectional study conducted between March 2015 and January 2017 including 76 outpatients following up at a clinic specialized in heart failure. Depression was screened with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The agreement among the three instruments was analyzed with Fleiss' kappa coefficient (kF), Krippendorff's alpha coefficient (Ck) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as false-positive and false-negative results of the HAM-D and PHQ-9 were calculated considering the BDI-II as the gold-standard instrument in the diagnosis of depression. The prevalence rates of depression were 72.4% (n = 55) with the HAM-D, 67.1% (n = 51) with the BDI-II, and 40.8% (n = 31) with the PHQ-9 scales. The prevalence of depression simultaneously identified by all three instruments was 28.9% (n = 22) and the diagnostic agreement (presence or absence of depression) was 47.4% (n = 36). The analysis revealed a superficial agreement (kF = Ck = 0.27) and moderate consistency ((↓C = 0.602, significantly not null, p = 0.000). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were not risk factors for depression in the evaluated sample. The screening methods analyzed showed agreement and were useful in detecting depression among outpatients with heart failure


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Patient Health Questionnaire , Heart Failure , Outpatients , Medical Records , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Statistics as Topic/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diabetes Mellitus , Dyslipidemias
17.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 21(1): 31-40, jan.-mar. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-902034

ABSTRACT

Apresentamos o caso de um homem que cometeu estupro de menino de cinco anos de idade. A perícia psiquiátrica concluiu que o mesmo apresentava retardo mental moderado, sendo inimputável. Atualmente ele cumpre medida de segurança em Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico do Rio de Janeiro. São discutidos fatores motivadores desse comportamento sexual, bem como as questões subjetivas do paciente que contribuíram para esse comportamento.


We present the case of a man who committed rape of a five-year-old boy. The psychiatric expert investigation concluded that he has moderate mental retardation, being not guilty by reason of insanity. He is currently committed into a forensic hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Motivating factors as well as the patient's subjective issues that may have contributed to this sexual behavior are discussed.


Nous présentons le cas d'un homme qui a commis le viol d'un garçon de cinq ans. L'expertise psychiatrique a conclu qu'il présente une arriération mentale modérée, n'étant donc pas criminellement responsable dû à son handicap mental. Il est actuellement interné dans un hôpital de détention préventive et de soins psychiatriques à Rio de Janeiro. Nous discutons les facteurs motivants ainsi que les problèmes subjectifs du patient qui peuvent avoir contribué à ce comportement.


Presentamos el caso de un hombre que abusó sexualmente de un niño de 5 años. El peritaje psiquiátrico del agresor concluyó que, el mismo, presentaba retraso mental moderado, y se le consideró inimputable. Actualmente, cumple la medida de seguridad en el Hospital de Custodia y Tratamiento Psiquiátrico de Río de Janeiro. Se discuten los factores motivadores, así como las cuestiones subjetivas del paciente, cuestiones tales que contribuyeron con este comportamiento sexual.


Dieser Artikel diskutiert den Fall eines Mannes, der einen 5-jährigen Jungen vergewaltigte. Das psychiatrische Gutachten ergab, dass dieser an einer mäßigen geistigen Behinderung leidet und deshalb schuldunfähig ist. Er ist derzeit in Rio de Janeiros Anstalt für Sicherungsverwahrung und psychiatrischer Pflege interniert. Auslösende Faktoren sowie die subjektiven Probleme des Patienten, die möglicherweise zu diesem sexuellen Verhalten beigetragen haben werden analysiert.

18.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 39(1): 45-54, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-844171

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To evaluate factors related to dangerousness cessation at the end of involuntary commitment based on an analysis of expert reports. In light of the current legal requirement of dangerousness cessation as a pre-requisite for prison or internment release of individuals subjected to the safety measure, we sought elements to reflect on the practice of expert examiners in charge of making this decision. Methods: The authors revised 224 expert psychiatric dangerousness cessation reports released 2011 through 2014 and collected data for a statistical analysis. Results: The following variables were associated with positive risk cessation assessments: no inadequate behavior (according to the assistant professionals), no productive psychotic symptoms, no negative symptoms, presence of insight, presence of a support network, and no psychoactive substance abuse. The following variables were associated with negative dangerousness cessation decisions: early onset of malfunction, lack of insight, negative attitudes, active signs of major mental illness, presence of impulsiveness, poor response to treatment, presence of plans lacking feasibility, exposure to destabilizing factors, lack of personal support, and presence of stress. Conclusions: In this study we were able to identify factors associated with dangerousness in a sample of expert reports. The knowledge of factors linked to a higher risk of recidivism in illegal activities or violent behavior is crucial for decision-making regarding the release of offenders after their legally established period of involuntary commitment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Forensic Psychiatry , Crime/statistics & numerical data , Dangerous Behavior , Decision Making , Expert Testimony , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies
19.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 38(4): 207-215, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846389

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) and the Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) for the Brazilian sociolinguistic context. Method: The adaptation process sought to establish conceptual, semantic, and operational equivalence between the original items of the questionnaire and their translated versions, following standardized protocols. Initially, two researchers translated the original version of the scale into Brazilian Portuguese. Next, a native English speaker performed the back-translation. Quantitative and qualitative criteria were used to evaluate the intelligibility of items. Five specialists compared the original and translated versions and assessed the degree of equivalence between them in terms of semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual aspects. The degree of agreement between the specialists was measured using the content validity coefficient (CVC). Finally, 28 volunteers from the target population were interviewed in order to assess their level of comprehension of the items. Results: CVCs for items from both scales were satisfactory for all criteria. The mean comprehension scores were above the cutoff point established. Overall, the results showed that the adapted versions' items had adequate rates of equivalence in terms of concepts and semantics. Conclusions: The translation and adaptation processes were successful for both scales, resulting in versions that are not only equivalent to the originals, but are also intelligible for the population at large.


Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural das escalas Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) e Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) para o contexto sociolinguístico brasileiro. Método: A adaptação das escalas buscou estabelecer a equivalência conceitual, semântica e operacional entre os itens originais das escalas e suas versões traduzidas, por meio de um protocolo padronizado. Inicialmente, dois pesquisadores traduziram as versões originais para o português. Na sequência, um falante nativo de língua inglesa realizou a tradução reversa. A inteligibilidade dos itens foi analisada por meio de critérios quantitativos e qualitativos. Cinco especialistas compararam as versões originais e traduzidas e avaliaram o grau de equivalência entre elas nos quesitos semântico, idiomático, cultural e conceitual. O grau de concordância entre os especialistas foi medido pelo coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC). Por fim, 28 voluntários da população-alvo foram entrevistados para verificar o nível de compreensão dos itens. Resultados: Os itens das duas escalas apresentaram CVCs satisfatórios em todos os quesitos. Os escores médios referentes ao grau de compreensão dos itens foram acima do ponto de corte estabelecido. No conjunto, os resultados indicaram índices adequados de equivalência conceitual e semântica para os itens das versões adaptadas. Conclusão: O processo de tradução e adaptação foi bem-sucedido para as duas escalas, resultando em versões não apenas equivalentes às originais, mas também compreensíveis para a população-alvo em geral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychological Tests , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Checklist , Life Change Events , Semantics , Translating , Brazil , Cross-Cultural Comparison
20.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 29(1): 65-75, jan.-fev.2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-797114

ABSTRACT

Depressão e ansiedade são transtornos psiquiátricos que frequentemente coexistem com a doença arterialcoronariana (DAC) e outras doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Tanto os sintomas depressivos como a ansiedadesão atualmente reconhecidos como fatores de risco para DAC e DCV, além de apresentarem processosfisiopatológicos complexos que parecem influenciar negativamente no prognóstico dos pacientes com essascomorbidades. Dentre estes, destacam-se a hipercortisolemia, a hiperatividade simpática, as anormalidadesplaquetárias complexas, a ativação imunológica levando à resposta inflamatória, os fatores genéticos comuns e a associação com comportamentos que predispõem à doença cardiovascular. Estratégias de tratamento da depressão, como o uso de inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina (ISRS), têm o potencial de contribuir para a redução do risco de eventos coronarianos agudos. Clinicamente, instrumentos e protocolos para o rastreio e avaliação da depressão e ansiedade buscam atuar nos efeitos negativos desses transtornos sobre a qualidade de vida e a saúde cardiovascular...


Depression and anxiety are psychiatric disorders that often coexist with coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Both depressive symptoms and anxiety are currently recognized as risk factors for CAD and CVD, and presente complex pathophysiological processes that seem to adversely influence the prognosis of patients with these comorbidities. Thesesymptoms include hypercortisolism, sympathetic hyperactivity, complex platelet abnormalities, immune activation leading to inflammatory response, common genetic factors and association with behaviors that predispose to cardiovascular disease. Strategies for treating depression such as using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), have the potential to contribute to reducing the risk of acute coronary events. From a clinical perspective, instruments and protocols for screening and evaluating depression and anxiety are intended to counteract the negative effects of these disorders on the quality of life and cardiovascular health...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cerebrum , Comorbidity , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Heart , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/physiopathology , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Drug Utilization , Depression/complications , Depression/epidemiology , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Risk Factors
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