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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 88(3): 167-182, jun. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515207

ABSTRACT

La diabetes mellitus gestacional DMG es una enfermedad con consecuencias mortales, incapacitantes y costosas para las personas, las familias, las comunidades y los países. Con el fin de establecer de manera sistemática los factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados con la DMG que deberían ser monitoreados durante y después del embarazo se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline y Cochrane. Se encontraron 1188 artículos y se seleccionaron 41. Algunos temas principales fueron conflictos con prácticas culturales, estigma social, influencia de la etnia/raza, bajo nivel educativo, calidad del sueño, problemas con la lactancia materna, preocupación por la propia salud o la del bebé, baja percepción de riesgo de DMG o de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el futuro, estrés, ansiedad y depresión, conocimiento limitado, falta de apoyo de la pareja, de la familia o social y de los profesionales de la salud, bajos niveles de autocuidado/autoeficacia y dificultades con cambios en el estilo de vida. Estos factores deberían monitorearse en las embarazadas durante y después del parto. Los tratamientos deberían considerar el impacto psicológico y el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 después del parto, y deberían ser incluidos en las guías de práctica clínica. Las poblaciones multiétnicas y los grupos más vulnerables demográficamente y socioeconómicamente son más susceptibles de desarrollar DMG.


Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease with fatal, disabling, and costly consequences for individuals, families, communities and countries. To systematically establish the psychosocial risk factors associated with GDM that should be monitored during and after pregnancy. Systematic review in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases. 1188 articles were found and 41 were selected. Some main themes were conflicts with cultural practices, social stigma, ethnicity/race influence, low educational level, sleep quality, breastfeeding problems, concern for ones own health/baby, low perception of the risk of GDM/DM2 in the future, stress, anxiety and depression, limited knowledge, lack of support from the partner/family/social and health professionals, low levels of self-care/self-efficacy and difficulties with changes in the lifestyle. These factors should be monitored in pregnant women during and after delivery. Treatments should consider the psychological impact and the risk of developing DM2 after childbirth and should be included in clinical practice guidelines. Multi-ethnic populations and the most demographically and socioeconomically vulnerable groups are more susceptible to developing GDM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational/psychology , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Social Support , Risk Factors
2.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 21(1): 63-73, Jan.-Apr. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448391

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la formación continua de docentes de primaria, de un programa de adopción de innovaciones en salud, para prevenir y/o controlar obesidad infantil en 17 escuelas de primaria de Barranquilla (Colombia), utilizando el Modelo de 4 Niveles de Kirpatrick. Materiales y métodos: El tipo de estudio es retrospectivo. La población estuvo integrada por 120 docentes de básica primaria de 13 escuelas públicas. Se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar el impacto en la satisfacción de la formación. Para los impactos en el aprendizaje, en el comportamiento y en los resultados se utilizó la entrevista y el desarrollo de demostraciones de conocimientos y habilidades durante las sesiones de formación. Resultados: Cerca del 90% de los participantes valoró su satisfacción de "Alto" o "Muy alto". El 89.10% pidió que el programa educativo continúe. El aprendizaje, medido en conocimiento y habilidades; y la actitud, medida en compromiso, disponibilidad y confianza, tuvo valoraciones superiores a 4.5 (escala de 1 a 5) en 73.5% de los participantes en ambas categorías. El impacto de resultados en la organización mostró un incremento de la actividad física en el 100% de las instituciones, mientras la incorporación de educación nutricional en un 61.5%. Discusión: La aplicación del modelo Kirpatrick permitió determinar el valor que generó la formación y estimar el retorno de las expectativas (ROE), al tiempo que proporcionó nuevos elementos que ayudan a comprender cómo fueron adoptándose las innovaciones. Conclusiones: El estudio permitió ponderar, no sólo hasta dónde la formación impactó el nivel de aprendizaje, sino cómo este influenció la percepción inicial del docente - según la cual el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil eran básicamente competencia del sector salud- para luego adquirir para ellos un significado muy ligado a la formación académica de niños de primaria, y de fácil aplicación.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of the continuous training of primary school teachers of a program for the adoption of innovations in health to prevent and / or control childhood obesity in 17 primary schools in Barranquilla (Colombia), using the Kirpatrick 4-Level Model. Materials and methods: The type of study is retrospective. The population was made up of 120 elementary school teachers from 13 public schools. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the impact on satisfaction. For the impacts on learning, behavior and results, the interview, and the development of demonstrations of knowledge and skills during the training sessions were used. Results: About 90% of the participants rated their satisfaction as "High" or "Very high". 89.10% asked that the educational program continue. Learning, measured in knowledge and skills; and attitude, measured in commitment, availability, and trust, had scores higher than 4.5 (scale from 1 to 5) in 73.5% of the participants in both categories. The impact of results in the organization showed an increase in physical activity in 100.0% of the institutions, while the incorporation of nutritional education in 61.5%. Discussion: The application of the Kirpatrick model made it possible to determine the value generated by the training and estimate the return on expectations (ROE), while providing new elements that help to understand how the innovations were being adopted. Conclusions: The study allowed us to weigh, not only to what extent the training impacted the level of learning, but also how this influenced the initial perception of the teacher - according to which overweight and childhood obesity were basically the competence of the health sector - and then acquire for them a meaning closely linked to the academic training of elementary school children, and easy to apply.

3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(2): 190-198, Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004332

ABSTRACT

Background: Gestational diabetes (GD) impacts maternal and fetal morbidity. In 2012, the World Diabetes Foundation provided financing project in Barranquilla (Colombia), aimed to implement a clinical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Aim: To estimate the adherence of the guide in primary care centers. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study of pregnant women suspected of having gestational diabetes. Pregnant women were classified according to the week of admission to the prenatal control program: < week 24 or later. Women with a fasting blood glucose over 92 mg/dL and under 126 mg/dL or with some positive result to the oral glucose tolerance test were included. Results: Nine percent (1,887 women) of 21,699 registries of pregnant women, were at risk for gestational diabetes. Of these, 1,880 registries with complete data were analyzed. Sixty nine entered the program at less than 24 weeks of pregnancy and 71% had had a fasting blood glucose measured in the first control. In 69.2% of these women, criteria for gestational diabetes was met. A glucose tolerance test was suggested to women with a blood glucose below 92 mg/dl. Among 72% of the latter, the glucose tolerance test met the criteria for gestational diabetes. Among the 498 women who entered the program after 24 weeks of gestation, 68% met the criteria for gestational diabetes with the fasting blood glucose levels. In 90 women, a glucose tolerance test was performed and 80% met the criteria for gestational diabetes. Conclusions: An adequate adherence to guidelines favors the detection of pregnant women with gestational diabetes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Primary Health Care/standards , Mass Screening/standards , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Prenatal Care/standards , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gestational Age , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Guideline Adherence/standards
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