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2.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 40(3): 245-249, July-Sept. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-953832

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate, in a large prospective multicenter study, whether 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography is sufficiently accurate to identify clinically important bone marrow involvement by Hodgkin's lymphoma to replace routine bone marrow biopsy in a developing tropical country. Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma were recruited from six cancer centers in Brazil. All were staged by the results of positron emission tomography/computed tomography that were centrally reviewed and by iliac crest bone marrow biopsy. Patients were classified as having marrow disease if they had lymphoma identified by marrow biopsy histology or had focal 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose marrow uptake that resolved following chemotherapy. Results: A total of 246 participants were recruited from six different centers and 62 (25.2%) were judged to have Hodgkin's lymphoma in the bone marrow. Positron emission tomography and biopsies were concordant in 206 patients (83%). Positron emission tomography correctly identified marrow disease in 59/62 patients (95.1%) and marrow biopsy in 25/62 patients (40.3%). In 22/62 (35.4%) patients, the two techniques were concordant in the diagnosis of marrow involvement. Of the forty discordant results, positron emission tomography found bone marrow involvement in 37 patients, upstaging 22 to stage IV and having an impact on therapeutic decision in nine cases given their reallocation from early to advanced stage. Three false negative positron emission tomography results were obtained with bone marrow biopsy giving positive findings. All three cases were classified as stage IV regardless of bone marrow findings implying no modification in the clinical management. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of positron emission tomography for detecting bone marrow disease were 95%, 100% and 98% and for bone marrow biopsy they were 40%, 100% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that positron emission tomography can replace marrow biopsy in Brazilian patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma without compromising clinical management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Bone Marrow , Hodgkin Disease , Clinical Clerkship , Positron-Emission Tomography , Lymphoma , Biopsy
3.
In. Ramires, José Antonio Franchini; Kalil Filho, Roberto; Santos Filho, Raul Dias dos; Casella Filho, Antonio. Dislipidemias e prevenção da Aterosclerose / Dyslipidemias and prevention of Atherosclerosis. Rio de janeiro, Atheneu, 2018. p.160-171.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-880949
5.
In. Kalil Filho, Roberto; Fuster, Valetim; Albuquerque, Cícero Piva de. Medicina cardiovascular reduzindo o impacto das doenças / Cardiovascular medicine reducing the impact of diseases. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2016. p.333-360.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-971544
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 103(3): 192-200, 09/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723826

ABSTRACT

Background: The investigation of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and its treatment depend on risk stratification for decision-making on the need for cardiac catheterization and revascularization. Objective: To analyze the procedures used in the diagnosis and invasive treatment of patients with CAD, at the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in the cities of Curitiba, São Paulo and at InCor-FMUSP. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, observational study of the diagnostic and therapeutic itineraries of the Brazilian public health care system patient, between groups submitted or not to prior noninvasive tests to invasive cardiac catheterization. Stress testing, stress echocardiography, perfusion scintigraphy, catheterization and percutaneous or surgical revascularization treatment procedures were quantified and the economic impact of the used strategies. Results: There are significant differences in the assessment of patients with suspected or known CAD in the metropolitan region in the three scenarios. Although functional testing procedures are most often used the direct costs of these procedures differ significantly (6.1% in Curitiba, 20% in São Paulo and 27% in InCor-FMUSP). Costs related to the procedures and invasive treatments represent 59.7% of the direct costs of SUS in São Paulo and 87.2% in Curitiba. In InCor-FMUSP, only 24.3% of patients with stable CAD submitted to CABG underwent a noninvasive test before the procedure. Conclusion: Although noninvasive functional tests are the ones most often requested for the assessment of patients with suspected or known CAD most of the costs are related to invasive procedures/treatments. In most revascularized patients, the documentation of ischemic burden was not performed by SUS. .


Fundamento: A investigação da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) estável e seu tratamento dependem da estratificação de risco para a decisão sobre a necessidade de cateterismo cardíaco e revascularização. Objetivo: Analisar os procedimentos utilizados no diagnóstico e tratamento invasivo dos pacientes com DAC do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) nos municípios de Curitiba, São Paulo e no IIncor- FMUSP. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, observacional dos itinerários diagnósticos e terapêuticos dos pacientes do SUS, entre os grupos submetidos ou não a testes não invasivos prévios ao cateterismo cardíaco invasivo. Foram quantificados os procedimentos de teste ergométrico, ecocardiograma de estresse, cintilografia de perfusão, cateterismo e tratamento com revascularização percutânea ou cirúrgica e o impacto econômico destas estratégias utilizadas. Resultados: Existem diferenças importantes na avaliação do paciente com DAC suspeita ou conhecida nos três cenários. Apesar dos testes funcionais serem os procedimentos mais frequentemente utilizados, os custos diretos referentes a esses procedimentos diferem significativamente (6,1% em Curitiba, 20% em São Paulo e 27% no Incor-FMUSP). Os custos relacionados aos procedimentos e tratamentos invasivos representam 59,7% dos custos diretos do SUS em São Paulo e 87,2% em Curitiba. No Incor-FMUSP, apenas 24,3% dos pacientes com DAC estável submetidos à revascularização foram submetidos a um teste não invasivo antes do procedimento. Conclusão: Apesar dos testes funcionais não invasivos serem os exames mais frequentemente solicitados na avaliação de pacientes com DAC suspeita ou conhecida, a maior parte dos custos está relacionada a procedimento/tratamento ...


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Critical Pathways , Cardiac Catheterization/economics , Cardiac Catheterization/statistics & numerical data , Coronary Artery Disease/economics , Echocardiography/economics , Echocardiography/statistics & numerical data , Exercise Test/economics , Exercise Test/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures , National Health Programs/economics , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/economics , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Radionuclide Imaging/economics , Radionuclide Imaging/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors
7.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 60(4): 311-317, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-720985

ABSTRACT

Objective: despite the technologic advances in myocardial perfusion imaging, we keep using an uncomfortable and sometimes impracticable patient position - supine with arms raised above the head (U). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether perfusion and functional cardiac gated SPECT scan results of acquisition U are equivalent to another position modality: supine with arms down at the sides of the trunk (D). Methods and Results: we performed U acquisition and in sequence D acquisition in 120 patients (pts) using a one-day MPI (rest-gated/stress), with 99mTc-sestamibi (370 MBq and 1110 MBq). Images were processed by the iterative reconstruction method (OSEM). Rest (R) and stress (S) studies were scored using 17-segments model. Functional parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction, and volumes) were automatically obtained by the quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) program. According to the degree of stress defects observed in U study, the patients were categorized in two subgroups: normal (SSS ≤ 3 or < 5%) and abnormal (SSS>3 or ≥ 5%). Shoulder/back pain occurred in 23.3% of U patients and in 5% of D. No significant differences between U and D were found for SSS (p = 0.82) and SRS (p = 0.74) in normal group. In abnormal group, good correlation was found between U and D modes for SSS (Rho = 0.95, p = 0.0001) and SRS (Rho = 0.96 p = 0.0001), but the mean SSS (12.53 ± 7.54) and SRS (10.60 ± 7.08) values of D were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than SSS (13.43 ± 6.81) and SRS (11.33 ± 6.97) of U mode. Function measurements presented good correlations, except for end-diastolic volume (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: although D mode appears to be more comfortable and presented a good correlation with U values of SSS and SRS, in abnormal pts, the extent and severity of defects can be underestimated. Considering clinical implications of an accurate perfusion measurement, the acquisition with the ...


Objetivo: no estudo de perfusão miocárdica, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, continuamos utilizando o desconfortável e às vezes impraticável posicionamento em decúbito dorsal com braços acima da cabeça (U). O objetivo do estudo foi investigar se os resultados da perfusão e da função cardíacas obtidos com a aquisição U são equivalentes ao de outra modalidade de posição: com braços para baixo nas laterais do tronco (D). Métodos e resultados: adquirida a aquisição U, na sequência foi realizada a aquisição D em 120 pacientes (pts) em um único dia (repouso e estresse sincronizado ao ECG), com 99mTc-sestamibi (370 MBq e 1110 MBq). As imagens foram processadas usando reconstrução iterativa (OSEM). Cada estudo foi quantificado usando o modelo de 17-segmentos ao repouso (R) e ao estresse (S). Os parâmetros funcionais (fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo e volumes) foram obtidas automaticamente pelo programa gated SPECT quantitativa (QGS). De acordo com a dimensão da alteração perfusional no estresse na aquisição U, os pacientes foram classificados em dois subgrupos: 80 pts normais (SSS ≤ 3 ou < 5%) e 40 pts anormais (SSS > 3 ou ≥ 5%). Dor no ombro e/ou nas costas ocorreu em 23,3% dos pacientes de U e em 5% de D. Não houve diferenças significativas entre U e D quanto ao SSS (p = 0,82) e SRS (p = 0,74) no grupo normal. No grupo anormal, boa correlação foi encontrada entre U e D para SSS (Rho = 0,95, p = 0,0001) e SRS (Rho = 0,96 p = 0,0001), entretanto a média dos valores de SSS (12,53 ± 7,54) e SRS (10,60 ± 7,08 ) de D foram significativamente menores (p < 0,05) que o SSS (13,43 ± 6,81) e SRS (11,33 ± 6,97) de U. As medidas de função apresentaram boas correlações, ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arm , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods , Patient Positioning/methods , Supine Position , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Rest , Stroke Volume
8.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 23(1): 77-83, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686355

ABSTRACT

A insuficiência coronariana crônica associada à disfunção de ventrículo esquerdo resulta em uma população especial para a qual a revascularização pode significar importante melhora regional ou global na função ventricular, assim como na melhora dos sintomas e potencial alteração da história natural da doença. O prognóstico desse tipo de paciente continua pobre, apesar dos avanços terapêuticos. Considerando que a conduta clínica ou intervencionista é fundamental reconhecer a presença de miocárdio viável e a funcionalidade cardíaca, discutimos uma metodologia atual, moderna, baseada em estudos institucionais e também internacionais na área de medicina nuclear com SPECT e PET-CT.


The chronic coronary insufficiency associated with dysfunction of the left ventricle, resulting in a special population that revascularization can mean significant improvement in global or regional ventricular function as well as improving symptoms and potential modification of the natural history of the disease. The prognosis of such patients remains poor despite therapeutic advances. Whereas, the clinical or interventional decision is essential to recognize the presence of viable myocardium and cardiac function. We discuss a current methodology, modern, based in institutional studies and also in the international experience with nuclear medicine SPECT and PET-CT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Myocardial Ischemia/complications , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Myocardial Ischemia/therapy , Myocardial Reperfusion/rehabilitation , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Heart Ventricles
9.
Radiol. bras ; 45(4): 198-204, jul.-ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647859

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar a acurácia e a custo-efetividade do estadiamento metabólico (EM) com o FDG-PET em relação ao estadiamento convencional (EC) no estadiamento inicial de pacientes com câncer de pulmão não pequenas células (CPNPC). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Noventa e cinco pacientes com diagnóstico inicial de CPNPC foram estadiados antes do início do tratamento. Os resultados do EC e EM foram comparados quanto a definição do tratamento e incidência de toracotomia fútil em cada estratégia. RESULTADOS: O EM com FDG-PET classificou 48,4% dos pacientes como estádio mais avançado e 5,3% como menos avançado. O resultado do EM modificaria o tratamento em 41% dos pacientes. A toracotomia foi considerada fútil em 47% dos pacientes com EC e em 19% dos casos com EM. O custo das toracotomias fúteis em oito pacientes no EM foi de R$ 79.720, enquanto em 31 pacientes no EC seria de R$ 308.915. Apenas esta economia seria mais que suficiente para cobrir os custos de todos os exames de FDG-PET nos 95 pacientes (R$ 126.350) ou de FDG-PET/CT (R$ 193.515). CONCLUSÃO: O EM com FDG-PET tem maior acurácia que o EC em pacientes com CPNPC. A FDG-PET e FDG-PET/CT são custo-efetivas e sua utilização se justifica economicamente na saúde pública no Brasil.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of metabolic staging (MS) with FDG-PET as compared with the conventional staging (CS) strategy in the preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 95 patients with initial diagnosis of NSCLC were staged before undergoing treatment. The MS and CS results were compared with regard to treatment definition and incidence of futile thoracotomies with both strategies. RESULTS: Metabolic staging with FDG-PET upstaged 48.4% and downstaged 5.3% of the patients, and would lead to change in the treatment of 41% of cases. Thoracotomy was considered as futile in 47% of the patients with CS, and in 19% of the patients with MS. The cost of futile thoracotomies in eight patients with MS was R$ 79,720, while in 31 patients with CS it would be R$ 308,915. Just such saving in costs would be more than enough to cover the costs of all FDG-PETs (R$ 126,350) or FDG-PET/CTs (R$ 193,515) for the 95 patients. CONCLUSION: The metabolic staging with FDG-PET is more accurate than CS in patients with NSCLC. Both FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT are cost-effective methods and their utilization is economically justifiable in the Brazilian public health system.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neoplasm Staging/statistics & numerical data , Lung Neoplasms , Positron-Emission Tomography , Prognosis
10.
In. Anon. Livro-texto da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Barueri, SP, Manole, 2012. p.392-396.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1081186
11.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr. imagem cardiovasc ; 24(4): 62-72, out.-dez. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-605343

ABSTRACT

A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) surgiu como a mais promissora abordagem no tratamento da dissincronia cardíaca, em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca refratária ao tratamento medicamentoso. Embora seus resultados clínicos e funcionais sejam de fato promissores, as análises das respostas individuais revelam que uma significativa parcela dos pacientes não responde ao tratamento. Nesta revisão, foi discutido o papel da medicina nuclear e imagem molecular na seleção de candidatos à TRC, por meio do estudo da dissincronia cardíaca, avaliação de viabilidade, perfusão e fluxo sanguíneo miocárdicos e atividade simpática cardíaca. O potencial uso dessa técnica, no aprimoramento da compreensão dos efeitos deletérios da dissincronia, sobre a função cardíaca e na avaliação e monitorização de resposta à TRC, foram também abordados. Outros alvos moleculares que caracterizam metabolismo glicolítico e de ácido graxo, apoptose, atividade da enzima conversora da angiotensina e angiogênese, que podem seravaliados e medidos por essa técnica, foram descritos.


Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) emerged as one of the most promising approaches in the treatment of cardiac dyssynchrony in heart failure patients’ refractory to medical treatment. However, despite very promising clinical and functional results, individual response analyses show that a significant number of patients do not respond to treatment. The role of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging in the selection of CRT candidates by the assessment of cardiac dyssynchrony, myocardial viability, myocardial perfusion and blood flow and sympathetic cardiac activity has been discussed in this review. The potential utilization of this tool to improve the comprehension of detrimental effects of dyssynchrony on cardiac function and the evaluation and monitoring of the response to CRT were also considered. Other molecular targets that characterize glucose and fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis, angiotensin converting enzyme activity and angiogenesis that can be evaluated with this technique were described.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis , Molecular Imaging/methods , Molecular Imaging , Heart Failure/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial , Nuclear Medicine/methods , Nuclear Medicine/trends , Radionuclide Imaging/methods , Radionuclide Imaging
12.
Radiol. bras ; 43(5): 281-287, set.-out. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567997

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar se a cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica duoisotópica(99mTc-sestamibi/tálio-201), método de alta sensibilidade para identificação do músculo viável, tem sua especificidade aumentada com a inclusão de informações sobre reserva contrátil miocárdica obtidas simultaneamente através de gated SPECT na vigência de baixas doses de dobutamina de forma semelhante ao ecocardiograma. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se 260 segmentos miocárdicos de 13 pacientes com infarto do miocárdio, encaminhados para pesquisa de viabilidade antes do procedimento de revascularização. Avaliaram-se a integridade celular e a reserva contrátil pela cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica duoisotópica com imagens de repouso e redistribuição do tálio-201 e de estresse (99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT), em condições basais e na vigência de baixas doses de dobutamina. A melhora do desempenho contrátil em controle cintilográfico pós-revascularização (99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT) confirmava a presença de viabilidade. Para análise dos resultados quantificaram-se os parâmetros funcionais dos segmentos miocárdicos nas diferentes etapas do estudo, estratificando-os quanto à viabilidade para posterior comparação funcional pós-revascularização. RESULTADOS: No tratamento estatístico a análise do espessamento sistólico se destacou como parâmetro de avaliação da reserva contrátil miocárdica pelo método, mostrando tendência a incremento na especificidade (84 por cento), demonstrando valores superiores aos da literatura. CONCLUSÃO: O método tende a apresentar contribuições efetivas na busca do miocárdio viável.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the increase in specificity of dual isotope myocardial perfusion gated SPECT (99mTc-sestamibi/thallium-201), a highly sensitive method to detect viable myocardium, with addition of data on contractile reserve simultaneously acquired by low-dose dobutamine gated SPECT, similarly to echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 260 myocardial segments were assessed in 13 patients with myocardial infarction referred for investigation of myocardial viability before undergoing revascularization. Cellular integrity and contractile reserve were evaluated by dual isotope perfusion myocardial gated SPECT with thallium rest and redistribution images and post-stress 99mTc-sestamibi gated-SPECT images under basal conditions and with low-dose dobutamine. The improvement in the contractile performance detected by post-revascularization 99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT was the parameter considered for determining myocardial viability. For the purpose of results analysis, the functional parameters of the myocardial segments were quantified at the different phases of the study and stratified according to their viability for a later post-revascularization functional comparison. RESULTS: In the statistical analysis, systolic wall thickening demonstrated to be a relevant parameter in the evaluation of myocardial contractile reserve by this method, with a tendency of improvement in the specificity (84 percent), demonstrating higher values than those observed in the literature. CONCLUSION: This method tends to present an effective contribution in the assessment of myocardial viability.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Dobutamine , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Radionuclide Imaging/methods , Dobutamine , Sensitivity and Specificity
13.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 19(3): 284-302, jul.-set. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-538331

ABSTRACT

As técnicas de imagens funcionais da medicina nuclear nunca apresentaram uso tão amplo e difundido como o que ocorreu na última década. Isso se deve principalmente ao fato de que agora a comunidade médica mundial entende mais claramente que há limitações nas imagens clínicas baseadas exclusivamente em anatomia e percebe mais claramente a necessidade de complementarem as informações morfológicas e funcionais com as chamadas "imagens moleculares". A capacidade desse tipo de estudo vem avaliar a perfusão miocárdica de acordo com o território de irrigação coronária proporciona grande auxílio na investigação da doença arterial coronária, bem como na definição de condutas clínicas e acompanhamento do paciente. Neste artigo serão discutidas algumas das principais aplicações clínicas da cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica: diagnóstico de doença arterial coronária; avaliação prognóstica e estratificação de risco; avaliação funcional de lesões anatômicas conhecidas; avaliação após...


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Myocardial Revascularization/methods , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Electrocardiography , Risk Factors , Nuclear Medicine , Radioisotopes , Myocardial Reperfusion/nursing
14.
Clinics ; 64(6): 491-498, June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517918

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: 2-[18F]-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (FDG-PET) is a well established functional imaging modality for the initial staging of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in patients from Western Europe and North America. The reliability of FDG-PET in populationsof different ethnic groups is unclear, as all investigations published to date have come from developed countries. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of FDG-PET in the initial staging of HL patients in a Brazilian population. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with newly diagnosed HL were prospectively included in the study. All patients were staged with both conventional clinical staging (CCS) methods, including computed tomography (CT) and whole-body FDG-PET methods. A standard of reference for the nodal regions and the extranodal organs was determined using all available information, including the CCS methods, FDG-PET, the diagnostic histology and the follow-up examinations. The results of the CCS were then compared to the FDG-PET results. RESULTS: The sensitivity of FDG-PET was higher for nodal staging than that of CT (87.8% vs. 61.6%, respectively). FDG-PET was also more sensitive than CT in regard to evaluating the extranodal organs for lymphomatous involvement (96.2% vs. 40.0%, respectively). FDG-PET detected all 16 patients who were characterized by a positive bone marrow biopsy and identified an additional 4 patients with bone marrow disease. The incorporation of FDG-PET coupled with CCS in the staging procedure upstaged 20% (17/82) of the patients and downstaged 11% (9/82) of the patients. As a result of these changes in staging, 15% (13/82) of the patients would have received a different therapeutic regimen.CONCLUSIONS: The FDG-PET method is superior to CT for the detection of nodal and extra-nodal HL. The observation that the FDG-PET method upstaged the...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hodgkin Disease , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Whole Body Imaging , Young Adult
15.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(7): 1176-1183, out. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-499729

ABSTRACT

Esse artigo tem o objetivo de discutir o papel da tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET) com 18F-FDG na avaliação pré-operatória de pacientes com nódulos de tireóide com citologia indeterminada. Para o cálculo da sensibilidade, foram selecionados todos os estudos com pacientes com carcinoma de tireóide. Para o cálculo da especificidade, foram selecionados apenas estudos desenhados para avaliação dos pacientes com nódulos com citologia indeterminada. O achado de captação focal na PET-18F-FDG relacionou-se com a presença de carcinoma de tireóide na maioria dos estudos. A sensibilidade do exame foi bastante alta na detecção de malignidade tireoidiana, porém sua especificidade variou de 0 por cento a 66 por cento, sendo de 39 por cento em estudo brasileiro. Concluindo, os estudos indicam que a PET-18F-FDG pode reduzir o número de tireoidectomias desnecessárias em pacientes com nódulos de tireóide com citologia indeterminada. Entretanto, o percentual relativamente elevado de resultados falso-positivos, o alto custo, a baixa disponibilidade do exame em países em desenvolvimento e a pouca experiência clínica ainda limitam o uso da PET-18F-FDG com essa finalidade.


The aim of this article is to discuss the role of 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in the preoperative evaluation of patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. All studies with patients with thyroid cancer were selected to the calculation of sensitivity. Only studies aiming to evaluate patients with thyroid nodules whose cytological result was indeterminate were selected to establish the specificity. The finding of focal 18F-FDG uptake at PET was associated with the presence of thyroid malignancy in most of the studies. The sensitivity of the exam to the detection of thyroid malignancy was extremely high, but the specificity varied from 0 to 66 percent. In our experience, the specificity was 39 percent. In conclusion, the studies suggest that 18F-FDG PET can reduce the number of unnecessary thyroidectomies performed in patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. However, the relatively high percentage of false positive results, the high costs, the low availability of this exam in developing countries and the low clinical experience still restrict the use of 18F-FDG PET when recommended with this aim.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoma/pathology , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals , Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroid Nodule , Adenoma , Adenoma/surgery , Preoperative Care , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thyroid Gland/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroid Nodule/pathology , Thyroid Nodule/surgery
16.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 91(3): e25-e28, set. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-494319

ABSTRACT

Este caso mostra a melhora proporcionada pela terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) sobre a perfusão miocárdica e o desempenho do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) avaliados pela cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica com MIBI-99mTc sincronizada ao eletrocardiograma. Paciente portadora de miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática, bloqueio de ramo esquerdo e insuficiência cardíaca refratária ao tratamento medicamentoso otimizado. Após TRC, foi observada melhora clínica, redução da duração do QRS e melhora na perfusão das paredes anterior e ântero-septal que se encontravam previamente hipoperfundidas. Houve também redução dos volumes diastólico e sistólico finais e aumento da fração de ejeção do VE.


This case shows the improvement promoted by cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) performance assessed by gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. The patient had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, left bundle branch block and severe heart failure despite optimized medical treatment. After CRT, clinical improvement, QRS reduction and improvement of previously hypoperfused anterior and septal walls were observed. There was also decrease in LV end-diastolic and systolic volumes and increase in LV ejection fraction.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Radiopharmaceuticals , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Bundle-Branch Block/physiopathology , Bundle-Branch Block , Bundle-Branch Block/therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Failure , Heart Failure/therapy , Stroke Volume/physiology , Time Factors
17.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 91(2): 126-131, ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488897

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: O infarto do miocárdio perioperatório (IMPO) é uma complicação da cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) com potencial impacto prognóstico. A cintilografia miocárdica (CM) com pirofosfato marcado com tecnécio-99m é utilizada no diagnóstico de IMPO, mas demonstra limitada sensibilidade para lesões subendocárdicas. A ressonância magnética cardiovascular (RMC), por sua vez, detém alta acurácia para a detecção de necrose miocárdica. OBJETIVO: Comparar a RMC e a CM para a detecção de IMPO após CRM. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 24 pacientes portadores de doença arterial coronária crônica, com a técnica de realce tardio pela RMC e com a CM, antes e depois da CRM, analisando-se o surgimento de áreas de necrose miocárdica perioperatória (IMPO). Mensuraram-se também marcadores bioquímicos de lesão miocárdica (CKMB e troponina I), antes e depois da cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Dezenove pacientes completaram o estudo. Desses, 6 (32 por cento) apresentaram IMPO à RMC, e 4 (21 por cento) à CM (p = NS). Dos 323 segmentos do ventrículo esquerdo avaliados, 17 (5,3 por cento) exibiram necrose perioperatória à RMC, e 7 (2,2 por cento) à CM (p = 0,013). Observou-se moderada concordância entre os métodos (kappa = 0,46), havendo divergência, quanto ao diagnóstico de IMPO, em 4 (21 por cento) casos, a maioria com pequenas áreas de necrose perioperatória à RMC, não visualizadas à CM. Em todos os casos com IMPO à RMC, houve elevação significativa de CKMB e troponina I. CONCLUSÃO: Houve moderada concordância diagnóstica entre os métodos para a detecção de IMPO, mas a RMC permitiu a visualização de pequenas áreas de necrose miocárdica perioperatória, não identificadas pela CM e associadas à elevação de marcadores bioquímicos de lesão miocárdica.


BACKGROUND: Perioperative myocardial infarction (POMI) is a complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with a potential prognostic impact. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy (MS) is used in the diagnosis of POMI; however it shows a limited sensitivity for subendocardial lesions. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), in turn, has a high accuracy in the detection of myocardial necrosis. OBJECTIVE: To compare CMRI and MS for the detection of POMI after CABG. METHODS: A total of 24 patients with chronic coronary artery disease were studied using the delayed contrast enhanced CMRI and MS before and after CABG by analyzing the development of areas of perioperative myocardial necrosis (POMI). Biochemical markers of myocardial injury (CKMB and troponin I) were also determined before and after surgery. RESULTS: Nineteen patients completed the study. Of these, 6 (32 percent) presented POMI on CMRI and 4 (21 percent) on MS (p = NS). Of the 323 left ventricular segments assessed, 17 (5.3 percent) showed perioperative necrosis on CMRI and 7 (2.2 percent) on MS (p = 0.013). Moderate agreement was observed between the methods (kappa = 0.46). There was disagreement regarding the diagnosis of POMI in 4 (21 percent) cases, most of them with small areas of perioperative necrosis on CMRI which were not visualized on MS. In all cases with POMI on CMRI, significant CKMB and troponin I elevations were observed. CONCLUSION: Moderate diagnostic agreement was observed between the methods for the detection of POMI, but CMRI enabled visualization of small areas of perioperative myocardial necrosis which were not identified on MS and were associated with elevation of biochemical markers of myocardial injury.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease/surgery , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Myocardial Infarction , Biomarkers/blood , Chronic Disease , Coronary Disease/blood , Creatine Kinase, MB Form/blood , Intraoperative Complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Myocardial Revascularization , Necrosis , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sensitivity and Specificity , Troponin I/blood
18.
In. Krieger, José Eduardo. Bases moleculares das Doenças Cardiovasculares: a integração entre a pesquisa e a prática clínica. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2008. p.149-173.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511085
19.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 88(5): 596-601, maio 2007. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-453053

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer parâmetros de sincronia intra- e interventricular em indivíduos normais e compará-los aos de pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada com e sem distúrbios de condução ao eletrocardiograma (ECG). MÉTODOS: Três grupos de pacientes foram incluídos no estudo: 18 indivíduos (G1) sem cardiopatia e com ECG normal (52+/-12 anos, 29 por cento masculinos); 50 portadores de miocardiopatia dilatada e disfunção ventricular esquerda grave, sendo 20 pacientes (G2) com QRS < 120 ms (51+/-10 anos, 75 por cento masculinos) e 30 pacientes (G3) com QRS > 120 ms (57+/-12 anos, 60 por cento masculinos). Todos foram submetidos à ventriculografia radioisotópica (VR). Para avaliar dissincronia intraventricular esquerda foi estudada a largura do histograma de fase e para avaliar dissincronia interventricular foi medida a diferença da média do ângulo de fase entre o ventrículo direito e o esquerdo (DifDE). RESULTADOS: As frações de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE)s foram: 62±6 por cento (G1), 27±6 por cento (G2) e 22±7 por cento (G3) e do VD foram: 46 ± 4 por cento (G1), 38±9 por cento(G2) e 37±9 por cento (G3). A avaliação da largura do histograma de fase foi de: 89±18 ms (G1), 203±54 ms (G2) e 312±130 ms (G3), p<0,0001. A medida da difVDVE foi de: 14±11 ms (G1), 39±40 ms (G2) e 87±49 ms (G3); quando se compararam G1 x G2 e G1 x G3, p<0,0001 e G2 x G3, p=0,0007. CONCLUSÃO: Os parâmetros analisados discriminam os três grupos de pacientes de acordo com o grau de sincronia ventricular. Pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada e sem bloqueio de ramo ao ECG (QRS < 120 ms) podem apresentar dissincronia, porém em menor grau que os pacientes com QRS alargado.


OBJECTIVE: To establish the parameters of intra- and interventricular synchrony in normal individuals and to compare them with patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with and without conduction disorders shown in the electrocardiogram (ECG) examination. METHODS: Three groups of patients were included in this study: 18 individuals (G1) with no cardiomyopathy and with a normal ECG (52±12 years, 29 percent male); 50 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction, with 20 patients (G2) presenting QRS <120ms (51±10 years, 75 percent male) and 30 patients (G3) with QRS >120ms (57±12 years, 60 percent male). All patients underwent RV. Evaluation of left intraventricular dyssynchrony was carried out with the measurement of the phase histogram width and interventricular dyssynchrony was evaluated by the difference of the mean phase angle between the right and left ventricles (RLDif). RESULTS: Left ventricle ejection fractions (LVEF)s were: 62 ± 6 percent (G1), 27 ± 7 percent (G2) and 22 ± 8 percent (G3) and right ventricle ejection fractions were: 46 ± 5 percent (G1), 41 ± 6 percent(G2) and 38 ± 8 percent (G3). Evaluation of the phase histogram width was: 89 ± 18 ms (G1), 203 ± 54 ms (G2) and 312 ± 130 ms (G3), p<0.0001. The measurement of RLDif was: 14 ± 11 ms (G1), 39 ± 40 ms (G2) and 87 ± 49 ms (G3); comparing G1 vs. G2 and G1 vs. G3, p<0.0001 and G2 vs. G3, p=0.0007. CONCLUSION: The parameters analyzed discriminate the three groups of patients according to the ventricular synchrony degree. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and withno branch block in ECG (QRS <120 ms) may present dyssynchrony, but at a lower degree than patients with widened QRS.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/complications , Radionuclide Ventriculography , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
20.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 88(3): 285-290, mar. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-451729

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar as diferenças relacionadas ao sexo nas medidas obtidas pelos programas Segami e Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS). MÉTODOS: Cento e oitenta e um indivíduos assintomáticos sem evidência de cardiopatia foram submetidos a estudos de perfusão miocárdica. O volume diastólico final (VDF), volume sistólico final (VSF) e a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) foram quantificados pelos programas QGS and Segami para avaliar a influência do sexo, idade, peso, altura, freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica, índice de massa corporal e área de superfície corporal. RESULTADOS: As médias obtidas com o método QGS foram VDF (mulheres = 68 ml; homens = 95 ml; p < 0,001) e FEVE (mulheres = 66,24 por cento; homens = 58,7 por cento), e com o Segami, VDF (mulheres = 137 ml; homens = 174 ml) e FEVE (mulheres = 62,67 por cento; homens = 58,52 por cento). Foram observadas diferenças significantes entre homens e mulheres no VDF (p < 0,001) e VSF (p < 0,001), que persistiram após o ajuste em relação à área de superfície corporal. CONCLUSÃO: Os volumes ventriculares foram significantemente menores e a FEVE foi significantemente maior em mulheres, de acordo com os programas QGS e Segami.


OBJECTIVES: To test for gender differences in the measurements obtained by Segami and Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS) software programs. METHODS: 181 asymptomatic individuals without heart disease were submitted to myocardial perfusion imaging. End-diastolic volumes (EDV), end-systolic volumes (ESV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by QGS and Segami software programs to evaluate the influence of gender, age, weight, height, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and body surface area. RESULTS: The means in the QGS method were: EDV (women= 68 ml; men= 95 ml; p<0.001), LVEF (women= 66.24 percent; men= 58, 7 percent) and Segami: EDV (women= 137 ml; men= 174 ml), LVEF (women= 62.67 percent; men= 58, 52 percent). There were significant differences between men and women in the EDV (p<0.001), ESV (p<0.001) and LVEF (p=0.001) that persisted after adjusting for body surface area. CONCLUSION: Ventricular volumes were significantly lower and LVEF was significantly higher in women, estimated by QGS or Segami software programs.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Gated Blood-Pool Imaging/methods , Sex Factors , Software , Stroke Volume , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Algorithms , Analysis of Variance , Body Surface Area , Cross-Sectional Studies , Heart Ventricles
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