Nivel de conocimiento del profesional de enfermería al administrar el activador plasminógeno tisular en pacientes con ICTUS / Level of knowledge of the nursing professional when applying tissue plasminogen activator in patients with STROKE

Introducción: el tratamiento con activador recombinante del plasminógeno tisular (siglas en inglés rt-PA), aplicado vía intravenosa (IV) es el procedimiento de primera línea en casos de evento vascular cerebral (EVC) en una ventana de 4,5 horas a partir del inicio de los síntomas y con bajo riesgo de transformación hemorrágica del infarto cerebral. El personal de enfermería es un elemento clave para el tratamiento de las personas que han padecido un EVC y se encuentra en su etapa aguda. La fibrinólisis con alteplasa (rt-PA) se ha establecido como tratamiento de primera línea para los casos de ictus isquémico, la administración de este fármaco, control y seguimiento de estos pacientes idealmente debe realizarse por el personal de enfermería en las unidades de ictus. Objetivo: investigar el nivel de conocimiento del personal de enfermería en la administración del activador recombinante del plasminógeno tisular (rt-PA) en el servicio de urgencias en una institución de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez de la Ciudad de México, con un muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 33 profesionales de enfermería que laboran en el servicio de urgencias, se observaron las 24 horas del día. Se tomó en cuenta a enfermeras de todas las categorías, excluyendo a personal médico, camilleros y enfermeras suplentes. Se aplicó un instrumento para evaluar el conocimiento sobre enfermedad vascular isquémica e intervenciones de enfermería en el cuidado inmediato y mediato en la administración del fármaco activador tisular de plasminógeno (rt-PA). Resultados: llama la atención que sólo 58 % del personal de enfermería conozca el tiempo vital para recuperar al cerebro, otro dato que alarma es que el 30 % no tiene claro el concepto de ictus y al ser una institución de especialidad neurológica de debe establecer un programa de capacitación para establecer intervenciones oportunas con (rt-PA) para reducir secuelas o daño neurológico. Discusión: el papel del personal de enfermería en unidades especializadas en afecciones neurológicas a los pacientes con ictus es proporcionar un cuidado de calidad, eficaz y eficiente, además de participar en la valoración integral del paciente y en la administración del actilyse cuando se trata de una terapia fibrinolítica. En consecuencia, la enfermera debe estar formada sobre los cuidados que requiere este tipo de pacientes, las complicaciones propias de la patología, tratamiento y efectos secundarios del mismo. Proponer un plan de cuidados integral, porque ya el personal tiene conocimientos al respecto de la enfermedad y la aplicación del activador tisular, pero sería interesante implementar para los profesionales en formación, sin olvidar la elaboración de una propuesta como guía de actuación. Conclusión: los cuidados que el personal de enfermería lleva a cabo deben ser especializados en constante actualización y capacitación para ser capaces de detectar y prevenir las complicaciones del proceso patológico y tratamiento.

Introduction: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy, given intravenously (IV), is the first-line procedure in cases of cerebral vascular event (CVE) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset and with low risk of haemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction. Nurses are a key element in the management of people who have suffered a stroke and are in the acute stage. Fibrinolysis with alteplase (rt-PA) has been established as the first-line treatment for ischaemic stroke, and the administration of this drug, control and follow-up of these patients should ideally be carried out by nurses in stroke units. Objective: to investigate the level of nursing staff knowledge in the administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in the emergency department of a tertiary care institution. Material and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at the Manuel Velasco Suárez National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico City, with convenience sampling. 33 nursing professionals working in the emergency department participated, and 24 hours a day were observed. All categories of nurses were considered, excluding medical staff, orderlies and substitute nurses. An instrument was used to assess knowledge of ischaemic vascular disease and nursing interventions in immediate and intermediate care in the administration of tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Results: It is striking that only 58 % of nursing staff are aware of the vital time to recover the brain, another alarming fact is that 30 % are not clear about the concept of stroke and, being a neurological speciality institution, a training programme should be established to establish timely interventions with (rt-PA) to reduce sequelae or neurological damage. Discussion: the role of nurses in units specialising in neurological disorders in stroke patients is to provide quality, effective and efficient care, in addition to participating in the comprehensive assessment of the patient and in the administration of actilyse in the case of fibrinolytic therapy. Consequently, the nurse must be trained in the care required by this type of patient, the complications of the pathology, treatment and its side effects. Propose a comprehensive care plan, because the staff already has knowledge of the disease and the application of the tissue activator, but it would be interesting to implement it for professionals in training, without forgetting the development of a proposal as a guide for action. Conclusion: the care carried out by nursing staff must be specialised and constantly updated and trained in order to be able to detect and prevent complications of the pathological process and treatment.

Adição de óleo de palma na dieta sobre a lipidemia e a qualidade do sêmen de bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) / Addition of palm oil to diet on serum lipid profile and seminal quality of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

O estudo visou investigar o efeito da suplementação dietética com óleo de palma sobre o perfil sérico lipídico e as características seminais de touros bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis), bem como suas correlações. Doze touros foram alocados no Grupo CONT (n=5) ou Grupo ÓLEO (n=7) e receberam alimentação isoproteica composta por silagem de milho e concentrado (milho triturado, farelo de trigo e ureia), com proporção volumoso/concentrado de 50%, durante 130 dias (Períodos 1 e 2). Diferencialmente, óleo de palma foi adicionado ao concentrado (2% MS) do Grupo ÓLEO. Sêmen e sangue foram colhidos quinzenalmente. Houve aumento nas concentrações séricas de colesterol, HDL e lipídios totais nos animais do Grupo ÓLEO, enquanto o período influenciou nas taxas de colesterol, LDL, lipídios totais e VLDL (P<0,05). Houve decréscimo no turbilhonamento e discreta redução na integridade de membranas nos animais do Grupo ÓLEO (P<0,05). Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre triglicerídeos e defeitos menores (r=-0,412; P=0,006), LDL e defeitos totais (r=-0,333; P=0,030), lipídios totais e defeitos menores (r=-0.366; P= 0,017), lipídios totais e defeitos totais (r=-0.309; P= 0,046), e VLDL e viabilidade espermática (r=0,381; P=0,012), apontando efeitos positivos da maior lipidemia na morfologia e na viabilidade espermática. O uso de óleo de palma alterou o perfil lipídico sérico, mas não favoreceu per se os parâmetros seminais relacionados com o potencial de fertilidade dos touros.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with palm oil on serum lipid profile, the seminal characteristics of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and the correlations between them. Twelve bulls were divided into Group CONT (n = 5) or Group OIL (n = 7). Animals in both groups were fed with isoproteic diets composed of corn silage and concentrated (ground corn, wheat bran and urea), with 50% forage/concentrate ratio, during 130 days (Periods 1 and 2). Palm oil (2%DM) was added to diet offered to Group OIL. Semen and blood samples were collected every two weeks. Increased serum levels of cholesterol, HDL and total lipids were observed for Group OIL, while the period influenced on cholesterol, LDL, total lipids and VLDL (P<0,05). Treatment decreased gross motility (P<0.05) and slightly reduced sperm membrane integrity (P<0.05) in animals of Group OIL. There were significant correlations between triglycerides and minor defects (r=-0.412, P=0.006), LDL and total defects (r=-0.333, P=0.030), total lipids and minor defects (r=-0.366, P=0.017), VLDL and spermatic viability (r=0.381, P=0.012), and total lipids and totals defects (r=-0.309, P=0.046), highlighting positive effects of higher lipid serum levels on sperm morphology and viability. The incorporation of palm oil in the diet altered the serum lipid profile, but it showed no positive effect on seminal parameters related to the potential of bull fertility.

Spider envenoming of dog - case report

This report refers to a female Pinscher treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Botucatu School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FMVZ)-Säo Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 14 hours after a suspected spider envenoming. The animal showed spastic limbs, dyspnea, salivation, hypothermia, muscular fasciculation, non-responsive mydriasis, and claudication of the right hindlimb. The spider was later identified by the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals-CEVAP/UNESP, Botucatu as Phoneutria nigriventer. The treatment with potent analgesic was efficient.

Soroprevalência de brucelose canina na cidade de Alfenas, MG. dados preliminares / Serum prevalence of canine brucellosis in Alfenas city MG, Brazil, Preliminary data

One hundred and two blood serum samples from dogs referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Alfenas University, were submitted to the agarose immune diffusion and to the fast serum-agglutination tests addressed to find antibodies anti-Brucella canis and B. abortus, respectively. Five samples (4.9 percent) were positives for B.canis and none for B. abortus. This prevalence is considered by some as an alert for an epidemiologic and public healthy problems, considering the serious zoonotic aspect of canine brucellosis