Avaliação da confiabilidade entre dois observadores em exames citopatológico e imunocitoquímico de aspirado de medula óssea no diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina / Reliability evaluation between two evaluators in the cytopathologic and immunocytochemical exams from bone marrow aspirate in the canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis in which the dog appears as the main source of infection in urban areas. Its diagnosis is complex and the cytopathological exam is a fast and cheap alternative to parasite direct visualization and its sensitivity can be increased by immunocytochemistry, though with a higher cost. The accuracy of such methods is dependent on the microscopist's experience and therefore, this study evaluated the reliability of such techniques between two observers, from bone marrow aspirates of 50 dogs from an endemic area for the disease. The parasitological culture in Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium was used as the reference standard. Among the main findings, the sensitivities obtained by observers I and II were respectively 62.5% and 37.5%, while specificities were 81.1% and 100%. On immunocytochemistry evaluation, the sensitivity was 0% for both evaluators and the specificity 97.3% and 100%. The agreement between evaluators was weak (κ = 0.167) for the cytopathological test and it could not be evaluated for immunocytochemistry, for which there was no detection by the evaluator II. The agreements among the diagnostic methods and the standard reference for the observer I were reasonable (κ = 0.364) for cytopathological examination and bad (κ = -0.041) for immunocytochemistry. For observer II, such agreement could be assessed only for the cytopathological test, being moderate (κ = 0.497). The results point to the possible expertise difference between evaluators, with the evaluator II demonstrating greater experience when interpreting the citopathological test. Although there was the expected sensitivity increase with immunocytochemistry, the technique used in this study was not effective for the diagnosis of infection, regardless of the evaluator.(AU)

An anatomopathological study of hepatic coccidiosis (Calyptospora sp. ) in the Acará-pixuna, Aequidens plagiozonatus Kullander, 1984 from the Brazilian state of Pará / Estudo anatomopatológico de coccidiose hepática (Calyptospora sp. ) em Acará-pixuna, Aequidens plagiozonatus Kullander, 1984, no Brasil, estado do Pará

The present study focuses on the anatomopathological alterations provoked by parasitism by Calyptospora sp. in 40 specimens of Aequidens plagiozonatus collected in Pará, Brazil. Examinations of the fresh material by compression of the hepatopancreas and histological sections showed immature forms and oocysts characteristic of the genus Calyptospora, in addition to a large quantity of melanomacrophagic centers spread throughout the organ. No significant inflammation of the hepatic tissue was observed. The melanomacrophagic centers and the compression of the hepatocytes are part of the response of the host to the parasite. This study represents the first record of parasitism by Calyptospora in A. plagiozonatus.

Descreveram-se as alterações anatomopatológicas provocadas pelo parasitismo por Calyptospora sp. em 40 espécimes de Aequidens plagiozonatus, provenientes do município de Peixe-boi, Pará, Brasil. Foram encontradas formas imaturas e oocistos característicos do gênero Calyptospora, nos exames frescos por compressão e cortes histológicos, além de um grande número de centros melanomacrofágicos dispersos por todo o órgão. Digna de nota foi a ausência de inflamação significativa no tecido hepático. Centros melanomacrofágicos e compressão dos hepatócitos estão envolvidos na resposta do hospedeiro ao parasito. Este é o primeiro registro de ocorrência de parasitismo por Calyptospora sp. na espécie estudada.

Helmintos oxiuridae parasitos de Iguana iguana (Squamata, Lacertilia, Iguanidae) procedentes do Brasil / Oxiuridae helminths parasites of Iguana iguana (Squamata, Lacertilia, Iguanidae) in Brazil

The results of a study on nematode fauna occurring in wild iguanas (Iguana iguana) from Brazilian Northeast (Alagoas and Maranhão) and Central-west (Goiás and Mato Grosso) areas were presented. Six adult iguanas, three males and three females, were necropsied and the digestive system removed to examination. All the iguana specimens were heavily parasitized. The helminths diagnosed were: Ozolaimus cirratus in the cecum and colon of five iguanas; Ozolaimus megatyphlon in cecum, colon and rectum of three iguanas; and Alaeuris vogelsangi in the small intestine, cecum, colon and rectum of five animals. Two larvae of Ozolaimus sp. were recovered from the pyloric region of the stomach of one iguana. The three diagnosed species of nematodes were reported for the first time in the Brazilian Central-West region.

Neoplasias espontâneas em camundongos de um centro de criação de animais de laboratório / Spontaneous neoplasms in mice from a center of a laboratory animal breeding

Verificaram-se a prevalência e as características anatomopatológicas de neoplasias espontâneas encontradas em camundongos, provenientes de biotério. Foram necropsiados 9.219 camundongos pertencentes a 13 linhagens, entre agosto de 2002 e janeiro de 2007, para monitoramento sanitário. Amostras de tecidos foram colhidas, fixadas em formol tamponado a 10 por cento e processadas pelas técnicas habituais para inclusão em parafina. Foram realizados 84 diagnósticos de neoplasmas, sendo acometidos 82 camundongos (0,9 por cento). As principais neoplasias diagnosticadas com as respectivas ocorrências foram: carcinoma mamário, 27,4 por cento; linfoma, 19,0 por cento; adenocarcinoma papilífero pulmonar primário, 17,9 por cento; carcinoma epidermoide, 8,3 por cento; osteossarcoma osteoblástico, 4,8 por cento; e outros com menor porcentagem de ocorrência. Houve predomínio de tumores malignos, sendo mais frequentes os carcinomas mamários. A linhagem BALB/c An foi a que apresentou a maior variedade de tipos de neoplasias, seguida das linhagens outbred Swiss Webster e NIH. Fibrossarcoma em camundongos C57BL/10 ScSn-Dmd mdx/J e carcinoma mamário na linhagem NOD foram relatados pela primeira vez.

The prevalence and the pathologic features of spontaneous neoplasms found in mice from a breeding colony were verified. Nine thousand two hundred and nineteen mice belonging to 13 strains were submitted to necropsy from August 2002 to January 2007 for health monitoring. Tissue samples were collected, fixed in 10 percent buffered formalin, and processed by the usual techniques for inclusion in paraffin. Eighty-four neoplasms were diagnosed and 82 mice had tumors (0.9 percent). The main neoplasms were diagnosed with the following occurrences: mammary carcinoma, 27.4 percent; lymphoma, 19.0 percent; primary papillary pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 17.9 percent; squamous carcinoma, 8.3 percent; osteoblastic osteosarcoma, 4.8 percent; and others with a lower percentage of occurrence. The malignant tumors predominated and the most common tumor was the mammary carcinoma. The wider variety of neoplasm types was found in the BALB/c An strain, followed by the outbred strains Swiss Webster and NIH. The fibrossarcoma in C57BL/10 ScSn-Dmd mdx/J mice and mammary carcinoma in NOD mice were reported for the first time.

Systematic and pathologic study of Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) Freitas, 1959 (Digenea, Eucotylidae) infestation in ruddy ground dove Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1811)

O trematódeo digenético Paratanaisia bragai é referido pela primeira vez parasitando a rolinha-caldo-de-feijão, Columbina talpacoti, proveniente de área suburbana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Embora com baixa prevalência (10%), a intensidade de infecção foi alta, considerando que 116 exemplares do parasito foram obtidos de um dos rins. Não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas. A análise histopatológica demonstrou grande dilatação dos dutos coletores renais, com destruição e achatamento das células epiteliais de revestimento, sem reação inflamatória. Os achados patológicos foram comparados aos anteriormente relatados para P. bragai em outros hospedeiros, desde a proposição da espécie em 1934.

Aspectos clínicos e de laboratório de cães soropositivos para leishmaniose / Clinical and laboratorial aspects of seropositive dogs to leishmaniosis

Leihsmaniasis is a protozoal disease transmitted by dipteran insects. The dog is an important domestic host of both visceral and cutaneous forms of the disease. These forms affects humans in many countries, and it is considered a serious risk for human health. This study reports clinical and laboratorial data from 18 dogs. Nine dogs were positive by indirect immunofluorescence technique and the other nine were negative. The dogs were clinically monitored for 30 days and laboratorial changes were assessed. Three blood samples were collected for hemogram and serum biochemistry at 0, 15, and 30 days. The clinical signs of positive dogs were compatible with the disease, including lymphadenopathy, cutaneous ulcers, hyperthermia, apathy, cachexia and ulcerated mucosa. Marked differences were observed in the blood cell counts and blood biochemistry between positive and negative dogs. In conclusion, blood and biochemistry analyses of positive dogs were not sufficient to diagnose the disease within the period studied. The serologic test associated with the clinical signs are important to confirm the diagnosis.

Estudo preliminar para detecçäo de cérvico-vaginites e lesöes precursoras do câncer de colo uterino, em índias da tribo Parakanä / Preliminary study on low-trait genital infection and cervical epithelial dysplasia in indian of the Parakanä tribe

OBJETIVO. Avaliaçao preliminar da freqüência de inflamaçoes genitais e lesoes precursoras do câncer cérvico-uterino em um grupo indígena isolado da Amazônia oriental brasileira. MATERIAL E MÉTODO. Estudo transversal, dirigido às mulheres maiores de dez anos das aldeias Maroxewara e Paranatinga, da tribo Parakana. Foram obtidas informaçoes demográficas, etno-culturais, tocoginecológicas; procedeu-se a um exame físico e ginecológico, com coleta de material para bacterioscopia e colpocitologia oncótica.RESULTADOS. Foram examinadas 80 mulheres (89,9 por cento), das quais 69 foram avaliadas laboratorialmente; 14(20,3 por cento) estavam grávidas. Na aldeia Paranatinga, a bacterioscopia revelou um maior número de mulheres com ausência de flora Döderlein (60,0 por cento vs.29,l por cento). Na colpocitologia, o padrao mais encontrado foi o inflamatório (91,5 por cento); das colpites de etiologia específica (63,1 por cento), em 63,4 por cento suspeitou-se de infecçao por Gardenerella vaginalis, em 7,3 por cento por Trichomonas vaginalis, e em 4,9 por cento por microrganismos semelhantes à Candida sp. Em 23,2 por cento dos esfregaços havia alteraçoes citopatológicas relacionadas à infecçao por papilomavírus humano (PVH). As alteraçoes celulares sugeriram NIC I em um caso, NIC II em outro e carcinoma epidermóide em uma índia de 48 anos; nos três casos, foi proposta a posterior realizaçao de biópsia dirigida e avaliaçao clínica em ambientes hospitalar. Conclusoes. A maioria das mulheres Parakanas apresenta alguma patologia cervical, a maior parte das quais de menor gravidade. Apresentam, ainda, início precoce da vida sexual, multiplicidade de parceiros, curto intervalo interparto e alteraçoes citopatológicas sugestivas de infecçao pelo PVH, condiçoes de risco para transmissao sexual de doenças e desenvolvimento de câncer cérvico-uterino.