ABSTRACT
Aim To predict the targets of Modified Danggui Shaoyao San ( MDSS) in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis ( CAG) based on network pharmacology and vertify the results based on experim-ention. Methods TCMSP, SWISS TARGETS, GENE CARDS and OMIM databases were used to screen the therapeutic targets of MDSS for CAG. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the protein interaction network and screen the core targets. Metascape database was used for GO analysis and KEGG enrichment pathways. And molecular docking was used for target validation. CAG rat model was pre¬pared by N-methyl-N'-nitroso-N-nitroguanidine free drink combined with sodium salicylate gastric lavage. The pathology of rat gastric mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the ultrastructure of ep¬ithelial cells was observed by transmission electron mi-croscopy. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 content was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of JAK2, STAT3 , p-STAT3 , c-MYC mRNA and protein in rats was detected by qPCR and Western blot. Results MDSS acted on 189 targets, mainly involved in response to oxidative stress and apoptotic signaling pathway. KEGG analysis related to pathways in cancer and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that the MDSS could improve the degree of atrophy of gastric mucosa in CAG rats and improve the status of epithelial cells, down-regulate the serum IL-6 content of CAG rats, up-regulate the IL-10 content, and reduce the expression of JAK2, STAT3 , p-STAT3 , c-MYC mRNA and protein in gastric mucosa with statistical significance. Conclusions MDSS treats CAG through multiple active ingredients, targets, and pathways, the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of social average wages on the pharmaceutical expenditure as a share of total health expenditure (PE/THE), provide support for the reduction of PE/THE scientifically, and reasonably controlling pharmaceutical expenditure. METHODS： Data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development database were used in this analysis, which concluded the indicator PE/THE and the annual average wage data of 24 OECD countries. Time trends of PE/THE and the relationship between PE/THE and average annual wages were examined. The data of 15 Eurozone countries from 2006 to 2015 were used to build panel data model to analyze the correlation between annual average wage and time and PE/THE. RESULTS: The results of the study show that the reciprocal of the PE/THE was positively correlated with the average annual wages and time, and was statistically significant. That is, with the increase of the annual average wages or time goes by, the PE/THE declines. CONCLUSION: When formulating the policy of PE/THE, the influencing factor of average annual wages should be taken into full consideration.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the marginal adaptation between the new nano-hydroxyapatite composite resin and tooth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty extracted healthy premolars were randomly assigned to three groups according to the material employed: New nano-hydroxyapatite composite resin (Group A), Karisma composite resin (Group B), and glass ionomer cement (Group C). After the thermal cycling, the teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye, and the depth of microleakage between the composite and tooth structure were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The microleakage depth of group A, B and C were (1.20+/-0.81), (1.94+/-0.70), and (1.73+/-0.54) mm, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the degree of microleakage (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a new dental restorative material, new nano-hydroxyapatite composite resin has good bonding performance to the tooth structure.</p>