ABSTRACT
Aim To observe the protective effects of total flavonoids from Anchusa italica Retz, and four compounds on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H / R) injury in myocardial cells and to explore the mechanisms. Methods Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated, cultured and were randomly divided into different groups. The H / R model of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was developed. The related indexes were determined after administration. Results Compared with model group, the total flavonoids and the four compounds could increase the survival rate of H / R cardiomyocytes (P < 0. 01), reduce the leakage of LDH (P < 0 . 0 1), reduce the content of M DA (P < 0 . 0 1), significantly increase the activity of SOD (P <0. 01), significantly decrease the early apoptosis index and increase the mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0. 01) . The activation of key proteins in NF-KB signaling pathway was inhibited, the proportion of Bax / Bc l - 2, beclin-1 and p62 significantly decreased (P < 0. 01), and the expression of apoptosis related proteins NLRP3, IL - lß and GSDMD significantly decreased (P <0. 0 1) . Conclusions The total flavonoids and four compounds can alleviate the damage of H/R on cardiomyocytes. The mechanism is related to the inhibition of the activation of NF-KB signaling pathway and the excessive autophagy of cardiomyocytes, alleviation of the scorch death of cardiomyocytes, and reduction of the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for parapharyngeal space (PPS) neoplasms. Methods: We collected data from 7 patients with PPS neoplasm who received TORS in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between May 2017 and November 2020, and patients' clinical and pathological characteristics were analysed. There were 2 men and 5 women with age ranged from 35 to 76 years. Among them, 2 patients underwent secondary surgery, 2 patients required combined transcervical approach to complete surgery, and 1 patient was suspected of ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis and scheduled for diagnostic TORS. The preoperative tumor size, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding, dyspnea, neurological impairment, feeding time and postoperative hospital stay were analyzed. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: TORS was performed successfully with complete removal of tumors in all 7 cases. Among 6 patients with curative TORS, 5 patients received TORS with postoperative diagnoses of neurogenic tumors and 1 patient underwent TORS combined transcervical approach with postoperative disgnosis of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma; no intraoperative tumor rupture occurred; the intraoperative blood loss was 20-200 ml with a median of 40 ml; the operation time was 65.0-238.0 min with a median of 77.5 min; the oral feeding time was 3-6 days with a median of 3 days; and the postoperative hospital stay was 4.2±1.6 days. One patient presented with neck swelling 3 days after surgery, but this symptom relieved 3 days later after treatments with antibiotic, hemostasis and detumescence. One patient received diagnostic TORS, as intraoperative pathology indicating a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma, then the neoplasm got completely resected through transcervical-transparotid approach. None of 7 patients manifested with airway obstruction, bleeding or nerve injury symptoms after operation. All patients were followed for 2 to 44 months, no local recurrence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions: TORS is a safe, effective and feasible treatment for selected PPS neoplasms, with less cosmetic impact, less trauma and blood loss, few postoperative complications, enhanced postoperative recovery and short hospital stay.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Parapharyngeal Space , Pharyngeal Neoplasms , Retrospective Studies , Robotic Surgical ProceduresABSTRACT
Objective::To explore the protective mechanism of Shenteng Sanhuang decoction and Gegen Qinlian Tang on diabetic nephropathy (DN). Method::Rat DN models were duplicated with unilateral nephrectomy combined with streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, irbesartan group and traditional Chinese medicine group. After 8 weeks of administration of corresponding drugs, the body weight, blood sugar, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24-hour urine volume (24 h U-vol), 24-hour urinary protein (24 h U-pro), serum creatinine (SCr), kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW) mass index of rats in each group were measured. The kidney tissues of rats in each group were homogenized, and supernatant was taken. Expressions of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9), TGF-β1 and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected by Western blot or special test kit. Result::Compared with the blank group, the biochemical indicators, body weight, KW/BW, blood sugar, BUN, 24 h U-vol, 24 h U-pro, SCr and MDA were significantly higher or increased(P<0.05), while SOD and CAT were significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.05). Western blot showed that the expression of Smurf2 and TGF-β1 was high, while the expression of MMP-9 was low(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the biochemical indicators of irbesartan group and traditional Chinese medicine group improved significantly(P<0.05), KW/BW were reduced, and blood sugar, BUN, 24 h U-vol, 24 h U-pro, SCr and MDA were significantly decreased (P<0.05), SOD and CAT was obviously increased (P<0.05), expressions of Smurf2 and TGF-β1 were decreased significantly(P<0.05), and expression of MMP-9 was increased significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion::Shenteng Sanhuang decoction and Gegen Qinlian Tang can effectively improve many biochemical indexes of rat DN models, and improve renal function. Its mechanism is closely related to reducing the expressions of Smurf2 and TGF-β1, and enhancing the expression of MMP-9.