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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe disease with an increasing incidence rate in clinical practice. Although most patients have mild pancreatitis, the fatality rate of severe pancreatitis remains at a relatively high level, and therefore, early-stage, simple, and accurate clinical scoring systems are urgently needed to determine the severity of AP, so as to facilitate effective disease management and symptomatic treatment and reduce the fatality rate of patients. At present, a large number of studies have demonstrated that the scoring systems such as Ranson score, APACHE Ⅱ score, BISAP score, CTSI score, and some serological markers have been used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of AP, but all of them have certain limitations. This article reviews the research advances in the existing scoring systems, single serological markers, and related modified scoring systems in recent years. Through a literature review, it is concluded that there is no a single scoring system or a single indicator that can cover the whole process of AP diagnosis and treatment and accurately judge the severity of AP, and therefore, it is necessary to develop a new scoring system or combine various indicators for comprehensive evaluation.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of sphingosine kinase l ( SphK1) and focal adhesion kinase ( FAK) on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) of human colon cancer HCT 116 cells.METHODS:Human colon cancer HCT116 cells were divided into 3 groups.N, N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) was used to suppress the activity of SphK1. PF573228 was used to suppress the activation of FAK .The cells treated with equal volume of culture medium severed as control group.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay .The protein expression of SphK1, FAK and the EMT relative protein E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 was analyzed by Western blot.The mR-NA expression of SphK1, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), FAK, E-cadherin and vimentin was detected by real-time PCR. The ability of tumor cell migration was measured by wound-healing assay.RESULTS:The cell viability of HCT116 cells was suppressed by DMS and PF 573228 in dose and time dependent manners .DMS significantly suppressed the expression of SphK1, FAK, N-cadherin, vimentin and MMP2, meanwhile enhanced the expression of E-cadherin.PF573228 reduced the expression of FAK , SphK1, N-cadherin, vimentin and MMP2, meanwhile increased the expression of E-cadherin (P<0.01).In addition, the migration ability of HCT116 cells was significantly decreased by treating with DMS and PF573228 (P<0.01).Compared with control group , the mRNA expression of FAK, SphK1, S1P and vimentin was de-creased, while the expression of E-cadherin was increased significantly in PF573228 group and DMS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:SphK1 and FAK signaling pathways may play an important role in the occurrence of EMT in the colon cancer HCT116 cells.
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Objective To observe after the NIBP (NIK and IKK beta binding protein) gene transfected into colon cancer cell lines HT29, the migration of cells and expression of p65, MMP2, MMP9 mRNA and proteins. Methods The experimental group: divided into without transfection HT29 cell (HT29 group) and transfection no-load HT29 cell (HT29-NC group) and transfection NIBP HT29 cell (HT29-NIBP steady group). Using the Transwell test to detect cell migration ability. Q-PCR method to detect the mRNA expressions of NIBP , p65, MMP2, MMP9. Western Blot method to detect the expressions of NIBP, p65, phosphorylation p65 (p-p65) proteins. The method of ELISA was used to detect the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9. Results The high expression of NIBP may enhance the migration ability of colon cancer cell lines HT29 , increasing the expression of p-p65, MMP2, MMP9 mRNA and proteins (P < 0.05). Conclusion NIBP potently enhances colon cancer HT29 cell migration and invasion. Activation of NF-κB signaling pathways resulted in up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 maybe one of its molecular mechanisms.
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Objective To explore the expression and function of myosin light streptokinase (MLCK) in small intestine mucosa of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) rats.Methods Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly assigned to control group and ANP group.A rat model of ANP was reproduced by retrograde injection of 4％ sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct,while the control group underwent a sham operation.The rats were sacrificed at 6th,12th,24th,48th hour after ANP induction.Serum amylase、TNF α,IL 1β,diamine oxidase (DAO) were measured.The pathological scores in the pancreas and small intestine were observed.The ultrastructure and tight junction (TJ) changes in the small intestine mucosa were observed with an electron microscope.The localization and expression of MLCK in small intestine mucosa was determined by immunohistochemistry method.Results Compared to the control group,the serum amylase,TNF-α,IL-1 β,DAO level,in the ANP group were all significantly increased;[(4 978 ± 1 574) U/L vs (1 176 ± 124))U/L,(47.88 ± 15.85) μg/L vs (17.24 ± 1.99) μg/L,(132.48 ± 68.54) μg/L vs (23.51 ± 6.44) μg/L,(95.96 ± 30.84)μg/L vs (38.06 ± 17.73)U/L at 12 h],and the pathology scores of pancreas and small intestine were both significantly elevated [12 h:(12.2 ± 1.80) vs (4.68 ± 0.35),(2.58 ± 0.52) vs (0.58 ±0.26)] (P ＜0.05);the MLCK protein expression in small intestine mucosa was significantly increased in ANP group (12 h:0.1863 ± 0.0230 vs 0.1636 ± 0.0049),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).The small intestine ultrastructure was seriously damaged and TJ was widened significantly in ANP Group.Conclusions The increased serum TNF alpha and IL-1β concentration and DAO activity and up-regulated MLCK protein expression in small intestine mucosa may damage the integrity of tight junction of intestinal epithelial cell and cause intestine mucosa barrier dysfunction.
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Objective To investigate the expression of pancreatic thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and the effect of pretreatment of melatonin on its expression. Methods Male Spraque-Dawley rats (n = 12) were randomly divided to ANP group, melatonin group, control group with 24 rats in each group. The rats in ANP group received three intraperitoneal injections of 25 ml/kg body weight 6% L-arginine at an interval of 1 h to induce ANP. The rats in melatonin group received intraperitoneal injections of 25 ml/kg body weight 6% melatonin 30 min before ANP induction; rats in ANP group and control group received intraperitoneal injections of same amount of saline. Rats were sacrificed at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after ANP induction. The serum level of amylase was measured and the pathological evaluation of pancreatic tissues was performed. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in pancreatic tissues were measured. The expressions of TRX-1 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry and the expressions of TRX-1 mRNA in pancreatic tissues were determined by RT-PCR.Results In ANP group, serum level of amylase, MDA, MPO, TRX-1 mRNA and TRX-1 protein in pancreatic tissues were (3 012 ±1 425) U/L, (4.13 ± 1. 85)nmol/mg prot,(7.45 ± 1.26)nmol/mg prot, 0.68 ±0. 18, 66.8 ±8. 1, while they were (1 835±499)U/L, (3.03 ±2.12) nmol/mg prot, (5. 32 ± 1.06) nmol/mg prot, 0.50±0.09, 80. 29 ±8. 14, respectively in melatonin group, the values in melatonin group were significantly lower thanthose in ANP group (P < 0.05). The peak value of TRX-1 mRNA and TRX-1 protwein expressions shifted from 12 h after ANP induction in ANP group to 6 h after ANP induction in melatonin group. Conclusions The expression of pancreatic TRX-1 protein and TRX-1 mRNA in rats with ANP was significantly increased. Melatonin pretreatment could promote pancreatic tissues to express TRX-1 protein and TRX-1 mRNA, and may be protective for pancreatic tissues damages.