Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos / Occupational Stress, Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 in Colombian Physicians / Estresse ocupacional, ansiedade e medo da COVID-19 em clínicos gerais colombianos

Introducción. Las epidemias pueden generar angustia en la población general y en los profesionales de la salud, y la pandemia causada por el virus del COVID-19 no es a excepción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la presencia de síntomas de estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales, además de estimar la asociación según el ente territorial donde trabajaban. Metodología. Este es un estudio transversal que exploró síntomas y percepciones durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos sometidos a cuarentena obligatoria que ejercieron su profesión en marzo del 2020. Previo consentimiento informado, anónima y voluntariamente, los participantes diligenciaron un formulario virtual con preguntas generales sobre COVID-19. El cuestionario buscaba encontrar problemas psicosomáticos sirviéndose de la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7, por sus siglas en inglés) y el FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Los participantes se clasificaron en Municipio no capital o Municipio capital, según el ente territorial en donde laboraban. Regresión logística entre el ente territorial (que acá es tomada como variable independiente) con los síntomas de ansiedad, estrés laboral y miedo al COVID-19 (que en este caso es tomado como variable dependiente). Resultados: Participaron 531 médicos generales con edad promedio de 30 años. El 73.3% laboraban en Municipio capital. Un tercio de los encuestados presentó estrés laboral leve, mientras que el 6% presentó estrés laboral alto o severo, esto sin diferencias entre los grupos (p<0.05). Se identificaron síntomas de ansiedad en el 72.9%, más frecuente entre quienes laboraban en las capitales (p=0.044). El 37.1% presentó síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No se observó asociación en la regresión logística realizada. Discusión: Factores psicosociales y psicosomáticos asociados al miedo son el común denominador de los síntomas de ansiedad y estrés laboral en las pandemias. Conclusión: Siete de cada diez participantes presentó síntomas de ansiedad o estrés laboral, mientras que cuatro presentaron síntomas de FCV-19S. No se observó asociación con la clasificación del municipio donde laboraban. Cómo citar. Monterrosa-Castro A, Dávila-Ruiz R, Mejía-Mantilla A, Contreras-Saldarriaga J, Mercado-Lara M, Flores-Monterrosa C. Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 195-213. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3890

Introduction: Epidemics can cause anxiety in the general population and health professionals. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus is no exception. This study's objective is to identify symptoms of work-related stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in physicians, as well as to discover their relation with the territorial body in which they work. Methodology: This is a cross-cutting study that explored the symptoms and perceptions of Colombian physicians forced to quarantine, who exercised their profession in March, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having provided informed consent anonymously and voluntarily, participants completed a virtual form with general questions on COVID-19. The survey was aimed at finding psychosomatic problems using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scale. Participants were classified as working in non-capital or capital municipalities according to the territorial body in which they practiced. Logistic regression between the territorial body (which was taken as an independent variable here) and symptoms of anxiety, work-related stress and fear of COVID-19 (which, in this case, were taken as dependent variables) was performed. Results: Five hundred and thirty-one general physicians participated, with an average age of 30. Seventy-three point three percent practiced in a capital municipality. One third of the surveyed physicians presented mild work-related stress, while 6% presented high or severe work-related stress, without differences between groups (p < 0.05). Symptoms of anxiety were found in 72.9% of the surveyed physicians, more frequently among those who practiced in capitals (p = 0.044). Thirty-seven point one percent presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No relation was observed in the logistic regression. Discussion: Psychosocial and psychosomatic factors associated with fear are the common denominators of symptoms of anxiety and work-related stress during pandemics. Conclusion: Seven of every ten participants presented symptoms of anxiety or work-related stress, while four presented symptoms of FCV-19S. No relation was observed with the municipalities in which they worked. Cómo citar. Monterrosa-Castro A, Dávila-Ruiz R, Mejía-Mantilla A, Contreras-Saldarriaga J, Mercado-Lara M, Flores-Monterrosa C. Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 195-213. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3890

Introdução. As epidemias podem causar angústia na população em geral e nos profissionais de saúde, e a pandemia causada pelo vírus COVID-19 não é exceção. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a presença de sintomas de estresse ocupacional, ansiedade e medo da COVID-19 em clínicos gerais, além de estimar a associação de acordo com a entidade territorial em que trabalhavam. Metodología. Este é um estudo transversal que explorou sintomas e percepções durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em clínicos gerais colombianos submetidos à quarentena obrigatória que exerceram sua profissão em março de 2020. Após consentimento informado, anonimamente e voluntariamente, os participantes preencheram um formulário virtual com perguntas gerais sobre a COVID-19. O questionário procurou encontrar problemas psicossomáticos utilizando a Escala de Desordem de Ansiedade Generalizada (GAD-7, sigla em inglês) e o FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Os participantes foram classificados em município não-capital ou município capital de acordo com a entidade territorial onde trabalhavam. Regressão logística entre a entidade territorial (que aqui é tomada como variável independente) com os sintomas de ansiedade, estresse ocupacional e medo da COVID-19 (que aqui é tomada como variável dependente). Resultados. Participaram 531 médicos de clínica geral com idade média de 30 anos. Do total, 73.3% trabalhavam no município da capital. Um terço dos entrevistados apresentou leve estresse ocupacional, enquanto 6% apresentou estresse ocupacional alto ou severo, isto sem diferenças entre os grupos (p<0,05). Os sintomas de ansiedade foram identificados em 72.9%, mais frequentes entre os que trabalham nas capitais (p=0,044). Ademais, 37.1% tinham sintomas de medo da COVID-19 (FCV-19S). Nenhuma associação foi observada na regressão logística realizada. Discussão. Fatores psicossociais e psicossomáticos associados ao medo são o denominador comum dos sintomas de ansiedade e estresse ocupacional em pandemias. Conclusão. Sete em cada dez participantes apresentavam sintomas de ansiedade ou estresse no trabalho, enquanto quatro apresentavam sintomas do FCV-19S. Nenhuma associação foi observada com a classificação do município onde trabalhavam. Cómo citar. Monterrosa-Castro A, Dávila-Ruiz R, Mejía-Mantilla A, Contreras-Saldarriaga J, Mercado-Lara M, Flores-Monterrosa C. Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 195-213. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3890

Occupational Stress, Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 in Colombian Physicians / Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos / Estresse ocupacional, ansiedade e medo da COVID-19 em clínicos gerais colombianos

Introduction: Epidemics can cause anxiety in the general population and health professionals. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus is no exception. This study's objective is to identify symptoms of work-related stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in physicians, as well as to discover their relation with the territorial body in which they work. Methodology: This is a cross-cutting study that explored the symptoms and perceptions of Colombian physicians forced to quarantine, who exercised their profession in March, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having provided informed consent anonymously and voluntarily, participants completed a virtual form with general questions on COVID-19. The survey was aimed at finding psychosomatic problems using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scale. Participants were classified as working in non-capital or capital municipalities according to the territorial body in which they practiced. Logistic regression between the territorial body (which was taken as an independent variable here) and symptoms of anxiety, work-related stress and fear of COVID-19 (which, in this case, were taken as dependent variables) was performed. Results: Five hundred and thirty-one general physicians participated, with an average age of 30. Seventy-three point three percent practiced in a capital municipality. One third of the surveyed physicians presented mild work-related stress, while 6% presented high or severe work-related stress, without differences between groups (p < 0.05). Symptoms of anxiety were found in 72.9% of the surveyed physicians, more frequently among those who practiced in capitals (p = 0.044). Thirty-seven point one percent presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No relation was observed in the logistic regression. Discussion: Psychosocial and psychosomatic factors associated with fear are the common denominators of symptoms of anxiety and work-related stress during pandemics. Conclusion: Seven of every ten participants presented symptoms of anxiety or work-related stress, while four presented symptoms of FCV-19S. No relation was observed with the municipalities in which they worked. Cómo citar. Monterrosa-Castro A, Dávila-Ruiz R, Mejía-Mantilla A, Contreras-Saldarriaga J, Mercado-Lara M, Flores-Monterrosa C. Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 195-213. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3890

Introducción. Las epidemias pueden generar angustia en la población general y en los profesionales de la salud, y la pandemia causada por el virus del COVID-19 no es a excepción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la presencia de síntomas de estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales, además de estimar la asociación según el ente territorial donde trabajaban. Metodología. Este es un estudio transversal que exploró síntomas y percepciones durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos sometidos a cuarentena obligatoria que ejercieron su profesión en marzo del 2020. Previo consentimiento informado, anónima y voluntariamente, los participantes diligenciaron un formulario virtual con preguntas generales sobre COVID-19. El cuestionario buscaba encontrar problemas psicosomáticos sirviéndose de la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7, por sus siglas en inglés) y el FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Los participantes se clasificaron en Municipio no capital o Municipio capital, según el ente territorial en donde laboraban. Regresión logística entre el ente territorial (que acá es tomada como variable independiente) con los síntomas de ansiedad, estrés laboral y miedo al COVID-19 (que en este caso es tomado como variable dependiente). Resultados: Participaron 531 médicos generales con edad promedio de 30 años. El 73.3% laboraban en Municipio capital. Un tercio de los encuestados presentó estrés laboral leve, mientras que el 6% presentó estrés laboral alto o severo, esto sin diferencias entre los grupos (p<0.05). Se identificaron síntomas de ansiedad en el 72.9%, más frecuente entre quienes laboraban en las capitales (p=0.044). El 37.1% presentó síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No se observó asociación en la regresión logística realizada. Discusión: Factores psicosociales y psicosomáticos asociados al miedo son el común denominador de los síntomas de ansiedad y estrés laboral en las pandemias. Conclusión: Siete de cada diez participantes presentó síntomas de ansiedad o estrés laboral, mientras que cuatro presentaron síntomas de FCV-19S. No se observó asociación con la clasificación del municipio donde laboraban. Cómo citar. Monterrosa-Castro A, Dávila-Ruiz R, Mejía-Mantilla A, Contreras-Saldarriaga J, Mercado-Lara M, Flores-Monterrosa C. Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 195-213. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3890

Introdução. As epidemias podem causar angústia na população em geral e nos profissionais de saúde, e a pandemia causada pelo vírus COVID-19 não é exceção. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a presença de sintomas de estresse ocupacional, ansiedade e medo da COVID-19 em clínicos gerais, além de estimar a associação de acordo com a entidade territorial em que trabalhavam. Metodología. Este é um estudo transversal que explorou sintomas e percepções durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em clínicos gerais colombianos submetidos à quarentena obrigatória que exerceram sua profissão em março de 2020. Após consentimento informado, anonimamente e voluntariamente, os participantes preencheram um formulário virtual com perguntas gerais sobre a COVID-19. O questionário procurou encontrar problemas psicossomáticos utilizando a Escala de Desordem de Ansiedade Generalizada (GAD-7, sigla em inglês) e o FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Os participantes foram classificados em município não-capital ou município capital de acordo com a entidade territorial onde trabalhavam. Regressão logística entre a entidade territorial (que aqui é tomada como variável independente) com os sintomas de ansiedade, estresse ocupacional e medo da COVID-19 (que aqui é tomada como variável dependente). Resultados. Participaram 531 médicos de clínica geral com idade média de 30 anos. Do total, 73.3% trabalhavam no município da capital. Um terço dos entrevistados apresentou leve estresse ocupacional, enquanto 6% apresentou estresse ocupacional alto ou severo, isto sem diferenças entre os grupos (p<0,05). Os sintomas de ansiedade foram identificados em 72.9%, mais frequentes entre os que trabalham nas capitais (p=0,044). Ademais, 37.1% tinham sintomas de medo da COVID-19 (FCV-19S). Nenhuma associação foi observada na regressão logística realizada. Discussão. Fatores psicossociais e psicossomáticos associados ao medo são o denominador comum dos sintomas de ansiedade e estresse ocupacional em pandemias. Conclusão. Sete em cada dez participantes apresentavam sintomas de ansiedade ou estresse no trabalho, enquanto quatro apresentavam sintomas do FCV-19S. Nenhuma associação foi observada com a classificação do município onde trabalhavam. Cómo citar. Monterrosa-Castro A, Dávila-Ruiz R, Mejía-Mantilla A, Contreras-Saldarriaga J, Mercado-Lara M, Flores-Monterrosa C. Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 195-213. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3890

Adolescent Pregnancy: Assessing Familism with Bardis Scale

Introduction: Familism is a multidimensional culturalconstruction that gives importance to family ties. Studywas done to estimate prevalence of familism and its link topsychosocial variables in pregnant adolescents who receivedprenatal care.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study that is partof the project “Gestación” was carried out. Four hundredand ninety-nine pregnant adolescents received obstetriccare, completed sociodemographic characteristics forms andanswered scales of religiosity, spirituality, family function,happiness, resilience and familism based on the Bardis scalein Cartagena, Colombia. Correlation was established amongfamilism, sociodemographic and psychosocial variables.Multiple linear regressions were made to identify associatedvariables; p<0.05 was significant.Results: the average age was 17 years old. 41% of participantsstrongly agreed to give their parents their earnings, 84% obeyedsiblings, 65% thought family is more important than personalinterests, 75% defended family, 87% are loyal to family, 90%help their parents, 75% help their uncles, 74% help theirparents in-law and 66% live with other relatives. There weresignificant factors related to greater familism: a higher levelof resilience, sexual partner with secondary studies, havinga functional family and three or more ultrasounds p<0.05.Primary studies, not attending church, having a dysfunctionalfamily and poor resilience were negative predictors offamilism p<0,001. There was significant positive correlationbetween spirituality and happiness with familism.Conclusions: a high level of familism was observed in agroup of pregnant adolescents. We recommend that healthcareprofessionals explore psychosocial aspects of teenagepregnancy to promote coping strategies regarding motherhoodresponsibilities.

Evaluación de la calidad de vida en climatéricas con la Escala Cervantes: Influencia de la etnia / Assessment of quality of life of climacteric women using the Cervantes scale: Influence of ethnicity

Introducción. La calidad de vida y la severidad de los síntomas de la menopausia varían entre distintos grupos poblacionales. Objetivo. Comparar la calidad de vida de climatéricas colombianas pertenecientes a dos grupos étnicos, hispánicas y afrodescendientes, utilizando la Escala Cervantes. Metodología. Estudio transversal que hace parte del proyecto de investigación CAVIMEC [Calidad de Vida en la Menopausia y Etnias Colombianas], realizado con un formulario de características sociodemográficas y la Escala Cervantes, en mujeres de 40 a 59 años de edad, residentes en poblaciones del Caribe y Pacífico colombiano. Valoración puerta a puerta por encuestadoras, investigación sin riesgos y aprobada por el comité de ética. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó Epi-Info 7. Se realizó regresión logística no ajustada y las comparaciones fueron estadísticamente significativas si p<0,05. Resultados. Se estudió 1 894 mujeres, 34,1% afrodescendientes y 65,9% hispánicas, edad 48,7±5,7 y 48,2±5,8, respectivamente. Las hispánicas tuvieron mayor deterioro psíquico, sexual, de relación de pareja y envejecimiento; en cambio presentaron menos síntomas vasomotores que las afrodescendientes, p<0,05. El puntaje de Escala Cervantes fue 39,2±22,6 en afrodescendientes y 43,7±25,0 en hispánicas, p<0,001. Ser hispánica se asoció a 43% mayor deterioro de la calidad de vida con respecto a afrodescendientes y fue factor asociado a ‘mayor severidad’ en tres dominios: menopausia/salud OR: 1,40 [IC95%: 1,05 a 1,85], sexualidad OR: 1,46 [IC95%: 1,19 a 1,80] y relación de pareja OR: 1,36 [IC95%: 1,10 a 1,69]. Conclusión. Existieron diferencias significativas en el deterioro de la calidad de vida en las mujeres climatéricas hispánicas y afrodescendientes estudiadas.

Introduction: Quality of life and severity of menopausal symptoms vary among different population groups. Objective: To compare the quality of life of Colombian climacteric women belonging to two ethnic groups by using the Cervantes scale. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the CAVIMEC (Calidad de Vida en la Menopausia y Etnias Colombianas) research project, which administers a questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics and the Cervantes scale to Hispanic and Afrodescendant women, 40 to 59 years old, living in populations of the Colombian Caribbean and Pacific. Door-to-door assessment by interviewers, risk-free research, performed with the approval of the ethics committee. We used Epi-Info 7 for data analysis. Unadjusted logistic regression was performed and comparisons were statistically significant if p <0.05. Results: We studied 1 894 women, 34.1% Afrodescendants and 65.9% Hispanics, aged 48.7 ± 5.7 and 48.2 ± 5.8, respectively. Hispanics had a higher psychological, sexual, aging and couple relationship deterioration, and less vasomotor symptoms than Afro-descendants, p <0.05. The Cervantes Scale score was 39.2 ± 22.6 in Afrodescendants and 43.7 ± 25.0 in Hispanic women, p <0.001. Being Hispanic was associated with a 43% greater deterioration of the quality of life compared with Afro-descendants and was associated to “higher severity” in three domains: menopause / health OR: 1.40 [95% CI: 1.05-1.85], sexuality OR: 1.46 [IC05%: 1.19-1.80] and couple relationship OR: 1.36 [95% CI: 1.10-1.69]. Conclusions: There were significant differences in the deterioration of quality of life in the Colombian Hispanic and Colombian Afro-descendant women studied.