effect of chronic exposure to organophosphorous insecticides on apoptosis in patients with liver diseases

The rapidly increasing use of organophosphorous compounds in everyday life obligate that greater attention should be paid to the toxic effect exerted by these compounds of human organism. To investigate the effect of chronic exposure to organophosphorous insecticides on liver at chronic hepatitis C virus infection and the chance of development to hepatocellular carcinoma, through studying apoptosis by the measurements of soluble Fas. This study was carried out on sixty subjects; they were divided into six groups: The first control group composed of 10 healthy subjects. The second group composed of ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic hepatitis C virus and chronic exposure to organophosphorous. The third group composed of ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic hepatitis C virus. The fourth group composed of ten patients with chronic hepatitis C virus and chronic exposure to organophosphorous. The fifth group composed of ten patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. The sixth group composed of ten patients with chronic exposure to organophosphorous. The time of exposure to organophosphorous was chosen to be over than 10 years. For all groups we do the following investigation: Detection of anti-HCV and HbsAg by ELISA technique, quantitative determination of HCV RNA by real time PCR, estimation of serum levels of bilirubin; albumin level and serum activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase; gamma glutamyl transferase activity [GOT]; and prothrombin time, determination of paraoxonase [PON] activity, and determination of sFas by ELISA. All patients show hyperactivity of AST, ALT, and GOT, hypoactivity of PON and high level of sFas. Chronic exposures to organophosphorous giving a high chance to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by decreasing apoptosis and this risk is further exaggerated by the presence of previous chronic hepatic inflammation as chronic HCV

effect of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in children with recurrent otitis media after tympanostomy tube insertion

The objective of this work was to study the effect of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in children with recurrent otitis media after tympanostomy tube insertion. One hundred and fifty infants and children with history of recurrent acute otitis media [at least two episodes in the last six months or five episodes during the past year] were presented with otitis media with effusion in the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric and Otolaryngology Departments proved by tympanometry. They were subjected to tympanostomy and fluid of type removed at surgery was subjected to culture and sensitivity. Culture and sensitivity from the samples taken by tympanocentesis revealed 35% Streptococcus pneumoniae, 20% Hemophiliac influenza, 5% Marseille Naturalisrn and the rest showed no growth

Effect of leg compression on arterial blood pressure in man

Ten subjects were fitted with right leg cuffs to provide two levels [60 and 90 mmHg] of leg compression, while cephalic translocation of fluid was prevented by upper-thigh cuffs inflated to supra systolic pressure. Systemic blood pressure, heart rate and CVP were recorded during leg compression before and after the administration of epidural analgesia. Blood pH, bicarbonate and potassium were estimated after thigh cuff inflation and release. Systolic, diastolic and mean pressure were elevated with increasing leg compression with no changes in heart rate, CVP, blood PH, bicarbonate or potassium levels. The leg compression-induced increase in blood pressure was abolished by epidural analgesia. The results indicated that the arterial pressure increases in response to external leg compression and that a reflex mechanism is involved. The pressor response is dependent on the level of external pressure applied

Subphrenic bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The study was done on 20 patients categorized randomly into two equal groups. Group I received 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine in the right subdiaphragmatic area by the surgeon + 5 ml 0.25% bupivacaine infiltrated in the wound. Group II received diclofenac 75 mg postoperatively. Measures of pain score and visual analogue scale, were assessed also base line pulmonary functions. Results revealed significant reduction in pain score and visual analogue scale in group I as compared to group II with no significant difference in pulmonary functions

Halothane versus isoflurane anaesthesia for bronchoscopy in pediatric patients

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different inhalational anesthetic agents [halothane and isoflurane] on blood gases of infants undergoing bronchoscpy for foreign body extraction or bronchoscopic suction of secretion in respiratory tract infection and to determine which child is at increased risk and the proper inhalation agent. The study was done on 40 children scheduled for bronchoscopy classified into two equal groups according to the inhalational anesthetic used [GI halothane, GII isoflurane]. In each group, half of the children [10] were undergoing foreign body extraction, the others for suction of excessive secretion. It can be concluded that halothane is better than isoflurane for inhalation induction during bronchoscopy because it allows better oxygenation with lesser incidence of bronchospasm. The use of the side tube or ventilation in bronchoscopy was never satisfactory. Children undergoing bronchoscopy for suction of secretion or foreign body extraction are equal risk of hypoxemia and hypercarbia and great care should be taken through the procedure

Effect of halothane on the cirrhotic liver in rats

This study is a trial to find out any possible hepatotoxic potential of halothane in established cirrhotic liver n rats. The study was done on 30 rats. Group I included 20 rats, which were given carbon tetrachloride [CCI4] orally for 3 weeks, to induce liver cirrhosis. Only 12 animals were survived. Group II included 10 rats, which were not given CCI. Ten rats from group I and the ten rats of group II had inhaled halothane 1.8% in oxygen for 3 hours. A battery of liver function tests including SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, serum protein and prothrombin activity were done before exposure to CCI4 in both groups, after exposure in group I, and after exposure to halothane in both groups. This study showed that halothane did not deteriorate liver dysfunction already present in cirrhotic rats. It seems that cirrhotic state confers some measure of resistance to halothane induced hepatic dysfunction