ABSTRACT
Background: Taurine is a non protein amino acid found in most animal tissues. It is a powerful antioxidant which shares in combating the harmful effect of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated to many chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus (DM). The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders in the body that leads to the release of ROS in the cells. Methods: The present work evaluates the biochemical and immunological role of taurine (500 mg/kg bwt) in ameliorating diabetes harm in rats when compared to the effect of the antidiabetic drug (amaryl). Six groups were established for the experiment. Group1: control rats without any supplementations. Group 2 : diabetic non treated rats. Group 3: rats received taurine for three weeks. Group 4: rats were supplemented with taurine for three weeks then injected streptozotocin (STZ) (prophylactic gp). Group 5: rats were injected with STZ then supplemented with taurine for four weeks (therapeutic gp). Group 6: rats were injected STZ then treated with amaryl drug for four weeks. Serum glucose and insulin levels in addition to liver function enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme were determined. ROS effect was monitored in liver tissue by detecting malondialdhyde resulting from lipid peroxidation and detecting glutathione reductase enzyme activity. With respect to the immunological responses, the thymocytes and splenocytes numbers were counted besides measuring serum IgG level. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in pancreatic sections. Results: showed the ability of taurine in decreasing glucose level and increasing insulin with the same efficacy as amaryl drug besides affecting liver enzymes and improving the antioxidant system in cells. Taurine also restored the decrease in mean number of thymocytes and splenocytes caused by DM. Sera IgG levels from pre- and post-treatment with taurine showed non significant increase compared to the diabetic non treated group. Conclusion: post-treatment supplemention of taurine is recommended for T2DM.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the possible antidiabetic role and therapeutic crucial action of the saponin fractions of the ethanolic extract of areal parts of the medicinal plant Anabasis articulata compared to currently available antidiabetic drug gliclazide (diamicron) against diabetic complications induced tissue injury in rats. Fractionation of hydro alcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Anabasis articulata (Chenopodiaceae) led to the isolation of Four known saponins: 3-O-glucopyranosyl of(stigmasterol, ß-sitosterol, sitostanol), 3-O-[ß-D- the glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid , 3-O-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl -28-O-ß-D - xylopyranosyl] oleanolic acid, in addition to proceric acid. The isolated compounds were identified by means of chemical methods and spectrometric analysis as Rf values, UV Mass, 1H NMR and 13CNMR spectroscopy. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group1, control rats (not received any medication). Group 2, rats injected intraperitoneally with single dose of streptozotocin (STZ)(40 mg/kg body weight). Group 3, rats orally administered with ethanolic extract of A. articulata (400 mg/ kg B.W.) after STZ injection. Group 4, rats orally administered with gliclazide (10 mg/kg B.W.) after STZ injection. Oral administration of the plant modulated the diabetic increase in blood glucose and cortisol levels revealing the antihyperglycemic effect of this medicinal plant. It effectively increases the blood hormone insulin concentration and α- fetoprotein. It is also significantly decrease blood tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The current plant also effectively decreased blood fructosamine to their normal levels as well as the consequence diabetic decrease in the hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin levels. Furthermore, ingestion of the plant effectively modulated hepatic oxidative tissue damage. Supplementation of diabetic animals with gliclazide improved diabetic induced alteration in most of the above studied markers. These results suggest that Anabasis articulata has multi-beneficial actions in controlling diabetes and consequence complications induced in pancreas and liver and may candidate as natural antidiabetic drug.