ABSTRACT
Background: Despite the long list of several other blood groups discovered, the knowledge and distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood group are essential for blood transfusion purposes, population genetic study and healthcare planning. Aims: This study is aimed to determine the distribution pattern of the ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors in Southern Rajasthan and compare it with other data from similar studies within and outside India. The importance of the study lies in maintaining the blood bank inventory so that no patient dies due to the deficient supply of blood. Methods: It is a retrospective study carried out at blood bank, Ananta Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Rajsamand, Rajasthan over a period of 2 years from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. Blood group of the blood donors was determined by commercially available standard monoclonal antisera by test tube agglutination technique accompanied by reverse grouping. Results: Out of 1142 subjects, 1117 (97.81%) were male and 25 (2.19%) were female subjects. 279 (24.43%) donors were voluntary and 863 (75.56%) donors were replacement donors. On studying the ABO blood group system, the most frequent group was B (33.97%) followed by O (31.96%), A (22.06%), and AB (6.91%) in blood donors while in Rh system, 1084 (94.92%) donors were Rh positive and 58 (5.07%) were Rh negative. Conclusions: The knowledge of distribution of blood group is very important for blood banks and transfusion services which play an important role in the patient's health care. The study has a significant implication regarding the inventory management of blood bank and transfusion services and will also throw light on the reasons of deficiency of a particular group in a particular area so that deficient group donors may be encouraged to donate more frequently.
ABSTRACT
Background: Breast malignancy is the most widely recognized tumor in females around the world. With the advent of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), the approach to diagnosis and management of breast lesions has been revolutionized. Its accuracy in many situations can approach that of histopathology in providing an unequivocal diagnosis. Hence a review was undertaken with the following objectives. To correlate cytological and histopathological diagnosis of breast lesions as a part of internal quality control. To know the incidence of false positive and false negative cases. To find out the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC of breast lesions. Methods: This study was conducted for a period of 2 year and 102 aspirations of breast lumps studied. Out of which 82 cases were followed- up by histopathological correlation. Results: Cytological diagnosis in general was divided into four categories, benign (76.29%), malignant (18.29%), suspicious (2.44%), and unsatisfactory (00). Age of the patient was range from 16 - 62 years with mean age of 32 years. There were 76 female patients and 06 male patients. Fibroadenoma (54.87%) was most common benign neoplasm. The two cases which were categorized as “Epithelial Hyperplasia, Suspicious” by cytology turned out to be malignant lesions on histopathology. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in breast lesions were reported to be 88.24 % and 100% respectively, with 100% positive predictive value and 97.01% negative predictive value. Conclusion: Considering the high specificity and sensitivity of aspiration cytology in the cases of breast lesion, it can be established as an internal quality control at tertiary centre to minimize economical stress demanded for EQAS (External Quality Assessment Scheme).