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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 89(5): 592-599, oct. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978130

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: La Lactancia Materna es el proceso natural donde un lactante se alimenta con leche del seno materno. En los humanos es un proceso biocultural, sujeto a modificaciones por influencias sociales, económicas y culturales. En este sentido, "El Fondo de Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF) considera que amamantar es clave para la sobrevida". Objetivo: Interpretar la percepción sobre las experiencias, creencias y actitudes de la donación de leche humana, en mujeres adultas pertenecientes al Hospital Dr. Rafael Avaria Valenzuela, de Curanilahue, Región del Biobío, Chile. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo, con enfoque fenomenológico. La muestra por convenien cia estuvo constituida por 15 mujeres a las que se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada. A los resultados obtenidos se aplicó un análisis de contenido por medio de triangulación de informantes. Resultados: Las mujeres presentaron conocimiento en el acto de donar leche humana, enfatizando un paradigma altruista, manifestando una actitud de generosidad a la acción de donar leche, prin cipalmente hacia los lactantes que no puedan tener acceso a la leche materna directamente de sus madres. Existe un grupo menor que ha realizado lactancia cruzada en un ambiente familiar, teniendo conocimiento certero de quien entrega y quien recibe el alimento. Conclusiones: La lactancia cru zada es una práctica aprobada entre las mujeres entrevistadas, considerándolo un acto altruista. Sin embargo, su ejecución está fundamentada en razones de confianza y cercanía.


Abstract: Introduction: Breastfeeding is the natural process in which an infant is fed with breast milk. In hu mans, it is a biocultural process, subject to modifications based on social, economic and cultural influences. In this context, The United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF) considers that "breastfeeding is key for survival". Objective: To interpret the perception about experiences, beliefs, and attitudes towards the donation of breast milk in adult women from the "Dr. Rafael Avaria Va lenzuela Hospital" in the commune of Curanilahue, Biobío Region, Chile. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The convenience sample was made up of 15 women who participated in a semi-structured interview. A content analysis was applied to the ob tained results using informant triangulation. Results: Women presented knowledge of the act of donating breast milk, emphasizing an altruistic paradigm. They associated this act with generosity, especially for babies who do not have access to breast milk directly from their mothers. There is a smaller group that has participated in cross-nursing in a family setting, having the certainty of who is giving and who is receiving the milk. Conclusions: The cross-nursing is an approved practice among the interviewed women, who consider it an altruistic act. However, its practice is based on reasons of trust and closeness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Tissue Donors/psychology , Breast Feeding/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Milk, Human , Mothers/psychology , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research
2.
Medwave ; 12(1)ene. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714133

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha definido salud no solamente como la ausencia de enfermedad, abriendo la perspectiva más allá del bienestar físico o biológico de la persona, incorporando la prosperidad mental y social del individuo. Es por ello que el profesional de la salud o usuario interno, ha debido adaptarse a una nueva forma de intervenir al paciente o usuario externo inmerso en una sociedad, desde el Centro de Salud Familiar, antiguamente denominado Centro de Salud y/o Consultorio. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción que tiene el usuario interno acerca de la transición del modelo biomédico al modelo biopsicosocial. Material y método: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Se aplica entrevista semi-estructurada, a una población de 23 usuarios internos profesionales del Centro de Salud Familiar Pinares, comuna de Chiguayante en febrero de 2009. Resultado y discusión: Los datos no demuestran rechazo al nuevo modelo de salud familiar. Sin embargo, se observan conocimientos deficientes o fragmentados que, conjugados con los carentes recursos, dificultan la implementación del modelo biopsicosocial.


Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the word “health” not only as the absence of an illness, but as a perspective that goes beyond the physical or biological wellfare of a person, involving a mental and social prosperity of an individual. Because of all these aspects, the health specialist or the so called Internal User has the need to adapt himself/herself to a new way of intervention in the Familiar Health Center, that it used to be called “health center” or “doctor’s office”. Objective: Determine the perception that the intern user has about the biomedical transition to the biopsychosocial one. Materials and methods: using quantitative methodology with a phenomenological approach. The instrument used was an interview that was applied to 23 users, specialists, related to the Family Health Center Pinares, located in Chiguayante, in February 2009. Results and discussion: The information does not demonstrate the rejection to the new Model of Familiar Health. Nevertheless, you can observe deficient or fragmented knowledge that was brought together with not so many resources; making difficult the implementation of the biopsychosocial model.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Services Research , Family Health , Models, Theoretical , Primary Health Care , Chile , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Interviews as Topic , Perception , Qualitative Research
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