Negotiating Therapeutic Citizenship and Notions of Masculinity in a South African Village

The article explores the idea of therapeutic citizenship in relation to the experiences of men who attend support groups for people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHIV). At a rural South African health facility offering free antiretroviral (ARV) medicines; support groups aim to empower HIV-positive clients through knowledge and skills that enable them to adhere to their ARV regimen. Members are exhorted to abandon their `traditional' health and gender beliefs in favour of a biomedical understanding and approach to health; to embrace participation in a support group for PLHIV; and to actively challenge HIV stigma through the public disclosure of their HIV-test result. Fourteen months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Bushbuckridge; Mpumalanga Province; South Africa; investigated how men negotiated these efforts - normally characterised in the academic literature as `therapeutic citizenship' - in relation to men's socio-cultural definitions of masculinity. The findings reveal that most of the men gained the knowledge and skills necessary to adhere to treatment. Although they generally behaved in a disciplined way; they remained doubtful about their commitment to the particular kind of `HIV identity' that a support group conferred on them. Men who embrace this identity must abandon their previous masculine lifestyles and conform to the support group's messages concerning what it means to be a `responsible' HIV patient. The research documents some of the challenges men experience in negotiating these conflicting demands. The discussion draws on personal accounts by the participants to illustrate the ambivalence of men towards their `HIV identity' and to belonging to a support group

Factors Influencing the Utilisation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child-Transmission (PMTCT) Services by Pregnant Women in the Eastern Cape; South Africa

"The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing the utilisation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) in a resource poor setting in South Africa. A sample of 186 pregnant women (29.6HIV positive and 70.4HIV negative) in four clinics in a rural district in the Eastern Cape were interviewed as part of the PMTCT programme after they had received their HIV test results. Regarding infrastructure; most women lacked transport to and communication with a health facility. More than 90felt that they had received adequate information on most of the components of the PMTCT programme. About 90of the women were satisfied with the HIV counselling they had received. Most women (54) felt they would receive support during their pregnancy mainly from their mothers; and/or husband/partner (50). Most pregnant women (92) preferred to give birth in hospital; while 8prefer to deliver at home; mostly with the assistance of a traditional birth attendant (TBA). Two-thirds of the HIV positive women stated they would feed their babies with formula milk only. Community attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS were mostly perceived as negative. Factors influencing the utilisation of PMTCT (that is the acceptance of antiretroviral therapy to HIV positive women; facility-based delivery; and adherence to ""take-home"" ART identified for mother and newborn); included: (1) HIV counselling by health care staff; (2) physical access to a health facility; (3) family and community support; (4) stigma; (5) delivery preference; and (6) infant feeding preferences."